How to Select a Gas Pressure-Reducing Regulator

Operating a natural gas appliance requires carefully balanced gas pressure. If natural gas comes into the appliance too fast at too much pressure, the appliance might explode. If the pressure is too low, the appliance won&#;t work. Gas pressure-reducing regulator selection is an exact science that can take hours to understand when poring over manufacturing sizing charts. Experts in the industry can help you understand the differences and assist with selecting a gas regulator that fits your needs.

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Applications of Gas Pressure Reducing Regulators

Natural gas regulators are used in many systems, but their key focus is based on how fast gas is required to be released to the appliance. High-pressure regulators control gas furnaces, commercial grills, generators, and heaters in warehouses and barns. Low-pressure regulators are often used with smaller indoor or patio heaters, gas-fired appliances, camping stoves, and greenhouse heaters. When dealing with gas regulator sizing, it&#;s important to understand the type of application and any special needs before selecting a gas regulator. Make sure to have all the information you need.

Types of Natural Gas Regulators

A gas regulator consists of three main elements. The restricting element controls the flow of gas. It opens and closes as necessary. The measuring or sensing element adjusts to the downstream pressure. The loading element pushes the restricting element open as demand increases. These three functions work together to ensure that supply and demand are equal in the system to make the appliance work safely and efficiently.

There are four basic types of natural gas regulators:

1. Service regulators decrease pressure from the service line to the desired delivery pressure.
2. Line gas regulators control pressure between the service regulator and the appliance regulator.
3. Appliance regulators control the gas pressure into an appliance.
4. Pressure regulators control the pressure of a specific section of a pipe system.

Why Is the Gas Regulator Important?

The gas regulator offers many benefits, the main one being safety. If a user were to allow natural gas to flow at a dangerously high pressure, it could cause an explosion. If the pressure is too low, the appliance won&#;t work the way it is supposed to. The regulator manages the supply and demand to protect the people involved in operating the system.

The gas regulator also controls the efficiency of the system. A system that only needs 45 psig (pounds per square inch gauge) does not operate at higher pressure levels. Maintaining steady pressure ensures that materials are utilized effectively and accurately. Using natural gas regulators also allows for flexibility in the design of a network.

Factors to Consider When Selecting a Gas Pressure Reducing Regulator

When choosing a gas regulator, you have to take into account multiple aspects of the system. Below is a list of the most important aspects to consider.

Type of gas

While natural gas is the most common type of gas that uses regulators, propane or other types of gases can also be regulated. The first step is to be very clear about what type of gas you are working with.

This is because each type of gas has unique characteristics in terms of chemical composition, corrosive properties, impurities, flammability, temperature, etc. In some cases, special attention must be paid to the selection of materials that will come into contact with the gas being used.

Inlet pressure

You will need to know what the gas pressure is, coming into the regulator. The maximum and minimum Inlet pressure determine the pressure rating for the body inlet, the orifice pressure rating and size, the main spring (for pilot-operated regulator) and the regulator size. Significant variations in inlet pressure can affect the controlled pressure accuracy, the regulator capacity and the regulator style (direct-operated or pilot-operated).

Outlet pressures

You must know the desired outlet pressure to select the correct gas regulator. The outlet pressure helps determine the spring requirements, the casing pressure rating, the body outlet rating, the orifice rating and size as well as the regulator size.

Capacity

This is measured as the gas flow or flow rate, generally measured as BTU/hour or cubic feet/hour. The required flow capacity influences decisions such as the size of the regulator, the orifice size and the regulator style (direct-operated or pilot-operated).

Other Considerations for Gas Regulators

For natural gas pressure-reducing regulators to operate effectively and safely, there are a few other factors to assess before your final gas regulator selection.

Pipe Size

Pipes generally come in sizes ½-inch to 4-inches, which impacts the flow rate of the gas. In many applications, we want to ensure that the regulator reaches its full capacity. To achieve this, we need to ensure that the outlet piping is larger than the regulator.

End Connection

Natural gas regulators come with different connections at the end. Depending on the application, you may need pipe threads, flanged, or butt weld connectivity.

Shutoff Capability

This refers to the type of disk material to get the desired shutoff capability. Some materials shut the regulator tighter than others.

Accuracy

Even small variances in pressure can cause inaccurate readings. The greater accuracy you need for safety or efficiency, the more control you may need in the regulators. This can be achieved by selecting regulators with less droop, or proportional band or offset.

Required Materials

The application generally determines the material the regulator is made from. The most common materials are aluminum, cast iron, steel, stainless steel, bronze, or brass, but special materials can be used when required.

Overpressure Protection

Deciding whether you need an external or internal relief valve often must be done at the point of purchase, not after you&#;ve installed the regulators.

Stroking Speed

Natural gas regulators operate at different speeds. Generally speaking, direct-operated regulators are faster than pilot-operated regulators.

Control Line

If the system needs control lines, this should be developed into the design specifications.

Altitude

The atmospheric pressure is impacted by altitude, so this must be taken into account when installing a regulator.

Location

If the regulator is located indoors, you may need additional components that will serve to ensure safe and efficient operation.

Noise

If noise or vibrations are an issue, you may need to choose a specific regulator that generates less noise or vibrations.

Price

When selecting a gas regulator, you should consider the initial purchase cost, but also the additional costs of installation and maintenance. A low-cost regulator may be more expensive in the long run.

If you are unsure about the specifications or elements that you&#;re working with, ask for help with the selection of your gas pressure-reducing regulator.

Seek Professional Advice to Select the Right Gas Regulator

To make your appliance or system work most effectively and efficiently, it helps to consult industry professionals who know the capabilities and drawbacks of different gas regulators. Understanding all the minor details of the system can help you understand why sizing a gas regulator is so precise.

In most jurisdictions, local authorities will require an inspection before the appliance can be turned on, so it is vital that the right pressure-reducing regulator is selected. You will want to have all the information for the regulator to make sure it does the job. If you can provide the parameters for the job, the regulator can be accurately sized. Remember, if the parameters change, a different regulator may be required, even for small changes to the design.

Norgas has a wide variety of natural gas regulators in stock. We can also design a custom solution for your application. Whether you are looking for gas regulators, gas valves or gas meters, our experts are here to help.

6.1.2 Nonapplication

1. Refrigerated containers
2. Installation of systems used in the highway transportation of LP-Gas

This chapter does not apply to the following:

6.1.3* Additional Features

For any purpose or application addressed within the scope of this chapter, if the requirements of the chapter are met, any or all additional features or components of equipment not prohibited by the chapter shall be permitted to be used.

6.2.1

LP-Gas containers shall be located outside of buildings unless they are specifically allowed to be located inside of buildings.

6.4.1.2

3 through 114 m3) water capacity.

When the provisions of 6.30.3 through 6.30.5 are met, the minimum distance from an ASME container to a building or adjoining property line that can be built upon shall be reduced by one-half for ASME containers of gal through 30,000 gal (7.6 mthrough 114 m

6.4.2.1

3 through 114 m3)

Minimum distances for underground or mounded ASME containers of gal through 30,000 gal (7.6 mthrough 114 m water capacity , incorporating all the provisions of Section 6.30 , shall be reduced to 10 ft (3 m).

6.4.2.2

Distances for all underground and mounded ASME containers shall be measured from the container surface.

6.4.2.3

No part of an underground or mounded ASME container shall be less than 10 ft (3 m) from a building or line of adjoining property that can be built upon.

6.4.4.1

Cylinders shall not be located and installed underneath any building unless the space is open to the atmosphere for 50 percent of its perimeter or more.

6.4.4.3*

Table 6.4.4.3 Separation Distance Between Container Pressure Relief Valve and Building Openings Container Type Exchange or Filled at Point of Use Distance Horizontally from Relief Valve Discharge to Opening Below Discharge Discharge from Relief Valve, Vent Discharge, and Filling Connection to Exterior Source of Ignition, Openings into Direct-Vent Appliances, and Mechanical Ventilation Air Intakes ft m ft m Cylinder Exchange

3

0.9

5

1.5

Cylinder Filled at the point of use

3

0.9

10

3.0

ASME Filled at the point of use

5

1.5

10

3.0

The distance measured horizontally from the point of discharge of a container pressure relief valve to any building opening below the level of such discharge shall be in accordance with Table 6.4.4.3.

6.4.4.5

3) or more shall be provided in multicontainer installations to facilitate working with cranes or hoists.

Access at the ends or sides of individual underground containers having a water capacity of 125 gal (0.5 m) or more shall be provided in multicontainer installations to facilitate working with cranes or hoists.

6.5.1.1

3) are located in heavily populated or congested areas, the siting provisions of

Where storage containers having an aggregate water capacity of more than gal (15.2 m) are located in heavily populated or congested areas, the siting provisions of 6.4.1.1 and Table 6.4.1.1 shall be permitted to be modified as indicated by the fire safety analysis described in 6.29.3

6.5.1.2

3) or more and installed for use in a single location shall be limited to the number of Table 6.5.1.2 Maximum Number of Containers in a Group and Their Separation Distances Fire Protection Provided by Maximum Number of Containers in One Group Minimum Separation Between Groups ft m Hose streams only (see 6.5.1.2 and 6.29.3.1)

6

50

15

Fixed monitor nozzles per 6.29.6.3

6

25

7.6

Fixed water spray per 6.29.6.1

9

25

7.6

Insulation per 6.29.5.1

9

25

7.6

Aboveground multicontainer installations comprised of ASME containers having an individual water capacity of 12,000 gal (45 m) or more and installed for use in a single location shall be limited to the number of containers in one group, with each group separated from the next group in accordance with the degree of fire protection provided in Table 6.5.1.2.

6.5.1.3

Where the provisions of 6.30.3 and 6.30.4 are met, the minimum separation distance between groups of ASME containers protected by hose stream only shall be one-half the distances required in Table 6.5.1.2

6.5.2.2

Underground or mounded containers shall be located outside of any buildings.

6.5.2.3

Buildings shall not be constructed over any underground or mounded containers

6.5.2.4

The sides of adjacent containers shall be separated in accordance with Table 6.4.1.1 but shall not be separated by less than 3 ft (1 m).

6.5.2.5

Where containers are installed parallel with ends in line, the number of containers in one group shall not be limited.

6.5.2.6

Where more than one row of containers is installed, the adjacent ends of the containers in each row shall be separated by not less than 10 ft (3 m).

6.5.3.2

Containers shall not be stacked one above the other.

6.5.3.3*

Combustible materials shall not accumulate or be stored within 10 ft (3 m) of a container

6.5.3.4*

The area under containers shall be graded or shall have dikes or curbs installed so that the flow or accumulation of flammable liquids with flash points below 200°F (93.4°C) is prevented.

6.5.3.5*

LP-Gas containers shall be located at least 10 ft (3 m) from the centerline of the wall of diked areas containing Class I flammable or Class II combustible liquids.

6.5.3.6

The minimum horizontal separation between aboveground LP-Gas containers and aboveground tanks containing liquids having flash points below 200°F (93.4°C) shall be 20 ft (6 m).

6.5.3.7

3) or less 3) or less capacity.

The requirements of 6.5.3.6 shall not apply where LP-Gas containers of 125 gal (0.5 m) or less water capacity are installed adjacent to fuel oil supply tanks of 660 gal (2.5 m) or less capacity.

6.5.3.8

No horizontal separation shall be required between aboveground LP-Gas containers and underground tanks containing flammable or combustible liquids installed in accordance with NFPA 30.

6.5.3.9*

The minimum separation between LP-Gas containers and oxygen or gaseous hydrogen containers shall be in accordance with NFPA 55.

6.5.3.10

Where protective structures having a minimum fire resistance rating of 2 hours interrupt the line of sight between uninsulated portions of the oxygen or hydrogen containers and the LP-Gas containers , no minimum distance shall apply.

6.5.3.11

The minimum separation between LP-Gas containers and liquefied hydrogen containers shall be in accordance with NFPA 55.

6.5.3.12

Where LP-Gas cylinders are to be stored or used in the same area with other compressed gases, the cylinders shall be marked to identify their content in accordance with CGA C-7, Guide to Classification and Labeling of Compressed Gases.

6.5.3.13

An aboveground LP-Gas container and any of its parts shall not be located within 6 ft (1.8 m) of a vertical plane beneath overhead electric power lines that are over 600 volts, nominal.

6.5.3.14

The minimum separation distances specified in Table 6.4.1.1 between containers and buildings of noncombustible construction devoted exclusively to gas manufacturing and distribution operations shall be reduced to 10 ft (3 m).

6.5.4.1

1. Clearance shall be provided around the container for inspection and maintenance.
2. The structure shall be open on at least one side that includes the longest dimension of the container.
3. The top of the container shall be capable of being wetted by an emergency response hose stream.

Structures such as fire walls, fences, earth or concrete barriers, and other similar structures shall be permitted around installed nonrefrigerated containers in accordance with all of the following:

6.5.4.2

Structures used to prevent flammable or combustible liquid accumulation or flow shall be permitted in accordance with 6.5.3.4

6.5.4.3

Structures between LP-Gas containers and gaseous hydrogen containers shall be permitted in accordance with 6.5.3.10

6.5.4.4

Structures such as fences shall be permitted in accordance with 6.21.4

6.6.2.3

Interconnection of skid tanks and portable storage tanks shall be in accordance with 6.8.3.2

6.6.3.2

The surface on which the containers are placed shall be level.

6.6.3.3

Combustible materials shall not accumulate or be stored within 10 ft (3 m) of a container

6.6.3.4

Flexibility shall be provided in the connecting piping in accordance with 6.11.6

6.6.3.5

1. The height of the outside bottom of the container does not exceed 5 ft (1.5 m) above the ground.
2. The approval of the authority having jurisdiction is obtained.

Where portable storage containers are installed at isolated locations with the bottoms of the skids or runners above the ground, either fire-resistive supports shall be provided or non-fire-resistive supports shall be permitted when all the following conditions are met:

6.7.1.1*

Liquid shall be transferred into containers , including containers mounted on vehicles, only outdoors or in structures specially designed for such purpose.

6.7.1.2

The transfer of liquid into containers mounted on vehicles shall not take place within a building but shall be permitted to take place under a weather shelter or canopy. (See 6.27.3.4 .)

6.7.1.3

Structures housing transfer operations or converted for such use after December 31, , shall comply with Chapter 10

6.7.1.4

The transfer of liquid into containers on the roofs of structures shall be permitted , provided that the installation conforms to the requirements specified in 6.8.7 and 6.22.11

6.7.1.5

The transfer hose shall not be routed in or through any buildings except those specified in 6.7.1.3

6.7.3.2

If LP-Gas is vented to the atmosphere under the conditions stipulated in 7.3.1.1 (4), the distances in Table 6.7.2.1 shall be doubled.

6.8.1.2

LP-Gas containers or systems that are installed within 10 ft (3 m) of public vehicular thoroughfares shall be provided with a means of vehicular barrier protection

6.8.1.3

Field welding on containers shall be limited to nonpressure parts such as saddle plates, wear plates, or brackets installed by the container manufacturer.

6.8.1.4*

Aboveground containers shall be painted.

6.8.1.5

Containers shall be installed so that all container operating appurtenances are accessible.

6.8.1.6

Where necessary to prevent flotation due to possible high flood waters around aboveground or mounded containers , or high water table for those underground and partially underground, containers shall be securely anchored.

6.8.2.1

Cylinders shall be installed only aboveground and shall be set upon a firm foundation or otherwise be firmly secured. (See 6.8.2.2 .)

6.8.2.2

The cylinder shall not be in contact with the soil.

6.8.2.3

Flexibility shall be provided in the connecting piping. (See 6.8.2.4 .)

6.8.3.2

1. Horizontal ASME containers with attached supports and designed for permanent installation in stationary service shall be installed in accordance with 6.8.3.2(B).
2. Steel supports shall be protected against fire exposure with a material having a fire resistance rating of at least 2 hours if the height limits specified in Table 6.8.3.2(A) are exceeded.
3. 3) or less, on foundations in their installed condition, shall meet the following conditions:

   Horizontal ASME containers of gal (15.2 m) or less, on foundations in their installed condition, shall meet the following conditions:

   1. Structurally support the containers when subject to deteriorating environmental effects including, but not limited to, ambient temperature of &#;40°F to 150°F (&#;40°C to 66°C) or local conditions if outside this range, ultraviolet rays, radiant heat from fires, and moisture
   2. Be of either noncombustible or self-extinguishing material (per the definition in 3.3.161 of NFPA 99)

Table 6.8.3.2(A) Installation of Permanently Installed Horizontal ASME Containers with Attached Supports Container Size Attached Support Height of Container Bottom gal m3 &#; &#;15.2 Non-fireproofed steel on flat-topped concrete foundations 6 in. (150 mm) maximum above concrete foundations &#; &#;15.2 Non-fireproofed steel on masonry or concrete foundations more than 12 in. (300 mm) above the ground 2 in. to 12 in. (51 mm to 300 mm) above concrete foundation &#; &#;15.2 Non-fireproofed steel on paved surfaces or concrete pads within 4 in. (100 mm) of the ground 24 in. (610 mm) maximum above paved surface or top of concrete pads &#; &#;15.2 Foundations or supports for horizontal LP-Gas containers per 6.8.3.2(B) 24 in. (610 mm) maximum above paved surface

Support of horizontal ASME containers shall comply with 6.8.3.2(A) through 6.8.3.2(C).

6.8.3.4

The part of an ASME container in contact with saddles, foundations, or masonry shall be coated or protected to minimize corrosion.

6.8.3.5

1. A stake or other marking shall be installed higher than the snow depth based on the ground snow load.
2. The container shall be installed to prevent its movement resulting from snow accumulation.

In locations where the snow depth, based on the ground snow load , is more than the height of aboveground containers , excluding the dome cover, both of the following requirements shall apply:

6.8.3.5.2

3, 30 lb/ft3 shall be used in Equation

Where the calculation in Equation 6.8.3.5.1 b results in a value greater than 30 lb/ft, 30 lb/ftshall be used in Equation 6.8.3.5.1 a.

6.8.3.6

1. The surface on which the vehicle is parked shall be level and, if not paved, shall be able to support heavy vehicular traffic and shall be clear of dry grass, weeds, and other combustible material within 10 ft (3 m) of the container.
2. Flexibility shall be provided in the connecting piping in accordance with 6.11.6.

If the container is mounted on or is part of a vehicle in accordance with 5.2.7.2 , the unit shall be located in accordance with 6.4.1.1

6.8.4.2

3)

Vertical ASME containers of 125 gal (0.5 m water capacity or less shall not be in contact with the soil.

6.8.4.3

3)

Vertical ASME containers of over 125 gal (0.5 m water capacity designed for permanent installation in stationary aboveground service shall be installed on reinforced concrete or steel structural supports on reinforced concrete foundations that are designed to meet the loading provisions established in 5.2.4.4

6.8.4.5

Steel supports shall be protected against fire exposure with a material that has a fire resistance rating of at least 2 hours, except that continuous steel skirts that have only one opening that is 18 in. (460 mm) or less in diameter shall have fire protection applied to the outside of the skirts.

6.8.4.7

Vertical ASME containers of different dimensions shall not be manifolded together.

6.8.5.2

The surface on which the containers are placed shall be level and, if not paved, shall be clear of dry grass, weeds, and other combustible material within 10 ft (3 m) of the container

6.8.5.3

Flexibility shall be provided in the connecting piping in accordance with 6.11.6

6.8.5.4

1. The height of the outside bottom of the container does not exceed 5 ft (1.5 m) above the ground.
2. The approval of the authority having jurisdiction is obtained.

Where portable storage containers are installed at isolated locations with the bottoms of the skids or runners above the ground, either fire-resistive supports shall be provided or non-fire-resistive supports shall be permitted when all the following conditions are met:

6.8.6.2

1. The portion of the container below the surface of the ground, and for a vertical distance of at least 3 in. (75 mm) above that surface, shall comply with the corrosion protection requirements of 6.8.6.1(I) through 6.8.6.1(J).
2. The aboveground portion of the container shall be painted to comply with 6.8.1.4.
3. Containers shall be set level and shall be surrounded by earth or sand firmly tamped in place.
4. Backfill shall be free of rocks and abrasives.
5. Spacing provisions shall be as specified for aboveground containers in 6.4.1.1 and Table 6.4.1.1.
6. The container shall be located so as not to be subject to vehicular damage or shall be protected against such damage.

Partially underground, unmounded ASME containers shall be installed in accordance with 6.8.6.2(A) through 6.8.6.2(F).

6.8.6.3

1. * Mounding material shall be earth, sand, or other noncombustible, noncorrosive materials and shall provide a minimum thickness of cover for the container of at least 1 ft. (0.3 m).
2. A protective cover shall be provided on top of mounding materials subject to erosion.
3. Container valves and appurtenances shall be accessible for operation or repair, without disturbing mounding material.
4. Where containers are mounded and the bottom of the container is 30 in. (0.76 m) or more above the surrounding grade, access to bottom connections shall be provided by an opening or tunnel with a 4 ft (1.2 m) minimum diameter and a 3 ft (0.9 m) minimum clear area.
5. Bottom connections that extend beyond the mound shall be part of the ASME container or shall be installed in compliance with the ASME Code and shall be designed for the forces that can act on the connections.
6. Mounded containers shall comply with the corrosion protection requirements of 6.8.6.1(I) and 6.8.6.1(J).

Mounded containers shall be installed in accordance with 6.8.6.3(A) through 6.8.6.3(F).

6.9.2.1

Pressure relief devices shall be installed so that the relief device is in direct communication with the vapor space of the container

6.9.2.4

Rain caps or other means shall be provided to minimize the possibility of the entrance of water or other extraneous matter into the relief device or any discharge piping. Provision shall be made for drainage where the accumulation of water is anticipated.

6.9.2.6

1. Protection of the container against flame impingement resulting from ignited product escaping from the drain opening
2. Direction of the pressure relief valve drain opening so that an adjacent container, piping, or equipment is not subjected to flame impingement

The design of the pressure relief valve drain opening shall provide the following:

6.9.2.9

Shutoff valves shall not be installed at the outlet of a pressure relief device or at the outlet of the discharge piping where discharge piping is installed.

6.9.2.10

3) or less

The pressure relief valve discharge piping from underground containers of gal (7.6 m) or less water capacity shall extend beyond the manhole or housing or shall discharge into the manhole or housing, where the manhole or housing is equipped with ventilated louvers or their equivalent, in accordance with 5.9.8.4

6.9.2.13

1. Piping shall be supported and protected against physical damage.
2. Piping from aboveground containers shall be sized to provide the rate of flow specified in Table 5.9.2.6.
3. Piping from underground containers shall be sized to provide the rate of flow specified in 5.9.2.8.
4. Piping shall be metallic and have a melting point over °F (816°C).
5. Discharge piping shall be so designed that excessive force applied to the discharge piping results in breakage on the discharge side of the valve, rather than on the inlet side, without impairing the function of the valve.
6. Return bends and restrictive pipe or tubing fittings shall not be used.

Where installed, the discharge piping shall comply with 6.9.2.13(A) through 6.9.2.13(F).

6.10.1.4

1. This protection shall be permitted to be integral with the regulator.
2. Regulators used for portable industrial applications shall be exempt from the requirements of 6.10.1.4.

All regulators for outdoor installations shall be designed, installed, or protected so their operation will not be affected by the elements (freezing rain, sleet, snow, ice, mud, or debris).

6.10.1.5

The point of discharge from the required pressure relief device on regulated equipment installed outside of buildings or occupiable structures in fixed piping systems shall be located not less than 3 ft (1 m) horizontally away from any building or occupiable structure opening below the level of discharge, and not beneath or inside any building or occupiable structure unless this space is not enclosed for more than 50 percent of its perimeter.

6.10.1.6

The point of discharge shall also be located not less than 5 ft (1.5 m) in any direction from any source of ignition, openings into direct-vent (sealed combustion system) appliances, or mechanical ventilation air intakes.

6.10.1.7

1. The discharge shall be directly vented with supported piping to the outside air.
2. The vent line shall be at least the same nominal pipe size as the regulator vent connection pipe size.
3. Where there is more than one regulator at a location, either each regulator shall have a separate vent to the outside or the vent lines shall be manifolded in accordance with accepted engineering practices to minimize back pressure in the event of high vent discharge.
4. The material of the vent line shall comply with 5.10.3.
5. The discharge outlet shall be located not less than 3 ft (1 m) horizontally away from any building opening below the level of such discharge.
6. The discharge outlet shall also be located not less than 5 ft (1.5 m) in any direction from any source of ignition, openings into direct-vent appliances, or mechanical ventilation air intakes.
7. The discharge outlet shall be designed, installed, or protected from blockage so it will not be affected by the elements (freezing rain, sleet, snow, ice, mud, or debris) or insects.

The discharge from the required pressure relief device of a second-stage regulator , other than a line pressure regulator , installed inside of buildings in fixed piping systems shall comply with the following:

6.10.1.9

The requirement in 6.10.1.7 shall not apply to vaporizers

6.10.1.10

Single-stage regulators shall be permitted to be used only on portable appliances and outdoor cooking appliances with input ratings of 100,000 Btu/hr (29 kW) maximum.

6.10.1.11

Line pressure regulators shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 54.

6.10.2.2

The requirement for two-stage regulation shall include fixed piping systems for appliances on recreational vehicles, mobile home installations, manufactured home installations, catering vehicles, and food service vehicle installations.

6.10.2.4

Single-stage regulators shall be permitted on small portable appliances and outdoor cooking appliances with input ratings of 100,000 Btu/hr (29 kW) or less.

6.10.2.6

High-pressure regulators with an overpressure protection device and a rated capacity of more than 500,000 Btu/hr (147 kW) shall be permitted to be used in two-stage systems where the second-stage regulator incorporates an integral or separate overpressure protection device.

6.10.2.8

Systems consisting of listed components that provide an equivalent level of overpressure protection shall be exempt from the requirements of 6.10.2.6 and 6.10.2.7

6.11.1.3

Liquid piping systems in buildings or structures feeding a vaporizer other than those covered by 6.11.1.1 (D) shall comply with the material requirements of Chapters 5 and 6

6.11.2.1

LP-Gas vapor piping systems downstream of the first-stage pressure regulator shall be sized so that all appliances operate within their manufacturer's specifications.

6.11.2.2

LP-Gas vapor piping systems shall be sized and installed to provide a supply of gas to meet the maximum demand of all gas utilization equipment using Table 16.1(a) through Table 16.1(p) , engineering methods, or sizing tables included in a piping system manufacturer's installation instructions.

6.11.3.1*

All metallic LP-Gas piping shall be installed in accordance with ASME B31.3, Process Piping, for normal fluid service, or in accordance with Section 6.11

6.11.3.2

All welding and brazing of metallic piping shall be in accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX.

6.11.3.3

1. Piping used at pressures higher than container pressure, such as on the discharge side of liquid transfer pumps, shall be designed for a pressure rating of at least 350 psig (2.4 MPag).
2. Vapor LP-Gas piping with operating pressures in excess of 125 psig (0.9 MPag) and liquid piping not covered by 6.11.3.3(A) shall be designed for a working pressure of at least 250 psig (1.7 MPag).
3. Vapor LP-Gas piping subject to pressures of not more than 125 psig (0.9 MPag) shall be designed for a pressure rating of at least 125 psig (0.9 MPag).
4. Schedule 10 steel piping shall be installed above ground and used for vapor service only.

Metallic piping shall comply with 6.11.3.3(A) through 6.11.3.3(D).

6.11.3.5

1. Metallic threaded, welded, press-connected, and brazed pipe joints shall be in accordance with Table 6.11.3.5(A).
2. Fittings and flanges shall be designed for a pressure rating equal to or greater than the required working pressure of the service for which they are used.
3. Brazed joints shall be made with a brazing material having a melting point exceeding °F (538°C).
4. Press-connected joints shall comply with ANSI/CSA 6.32 (LC4a), Press-Connect Metallic Fittings for Use in Fuel Gas Distribution Systems.
5. Gaskets used to retain LP-Gas in flanged connections in piping shall be resistant to the action of LP-Gas.
6. Gaskets shall be made of metal or material confined in metal having a melting point over °F (816°C) or shall be protected against fire exposure.
7. When a flange is opened, the gasket shall be replaced.
8. Aluminum O-rings and spiral-wound metal gaskets shall be permitted to be used.
9. Nonmetallic gaskets used in insulating fittings shall be permitted to be used.

Table 6.11.3.5(A) Types of Metallic Pipe Joints in LP-Gas Service Service Schedule 10 Schedule 40 Schedule 80 Liquid NP Welded or brazed Threaded, welded, or brazed Vapor, &#;125 psig (&#;0.9 MPag) Welded, press-connected, or brazed Threaded, welded, press-connected, or brazed Threaded, welded, press-connected, or brazed Vapor, &#;125 psig (&#;0.9 MPag) NP Welded or brazed Threaded, welded, or brazed

Metallic pipe joints shall be permitted to be threaded, flanged, welded, press-connected, or brazed using pipe and fittings that comply with 5.11.3 5.11.4 , and 6.11.3.5(A) through 6.11.3.5(H).

6.11.3.6

Metallic tubing joints shall be flared or brazed using tubing and fittings in accordance with 5.11.3 and 5.11.4

6.11.3.7

Piping in systems shall be ran as directly as is practical from one point to another, with as few fittings as practical.

6.11.3.8

Where condensation of vapor can occur, piping shall be sloped back to the container or means shall be provided for revaporizing the condensate.

6.11.3.10

Aboveground piping shall be supported to ensure integrity of the piping.

6.11.3.11

Aboveground piping shall be protected against physical damage by vehicles.

6.11.3.12

The portion of aboveground piping in contact with a support or a corrosion-causing substance shall be protected against corrosion.

6.11.3.13

1. The minimum cover shall be increased to 18 in. (460 mm) if external damage to the pipe or tubing from external forces is likely to result.
2. If a minimum 12 in. (300 mm) of cover cannot be maintained, the piping shall be installed in conduit or shall be bridged (shielded).

Buried metallic pipe and tubing shall be installed underground with a minimum 12 in. (300 mm) of cover.

6.11.3.14

Where underground piping is beneath driveways, roads, or streets, possible damage by vehicles shall be taken into account.

6.11.3.15

1. Piping and tubing of 1 in. (25 mm) nominal diameter or smaller shall be protected in accordance with 6.19.1 or 6.19.2.
2. Piping and tubing larger than 1 in. (25 mm) nominal diameter and installed above ground shall be protected in accordance with 6.19.1.
3. Steel piping installed underground shall have a cathodic protection system in accordance with 6.19.2(C) unless technical justification is approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

Metallic piping shall be protected against corrosion in accordance with 6.11.3.15(A) through 6.11.3.15(C).

6.11.3.16

LP-Gas piping systems shall not be used as a grounding electrode.

6.11.3.17

Underground metallic piping, tubing, or both that convey LP-Gas from a gas storage container shall be provided with dielectric fittings installed above ground and outdoors at the building to electrically isolate it from the aboveground portion of the fixed piping system that enters a building.

6.11.4.1

Polyethylene and polyamide pipe, tubing, and fittings shall be installed outdoors underground only.

6.11.4.2

1. With a minimum of 12 in. (300 mm) of cover
2. With a minimum of 18 in. (460 mm) of cover if external damage to the pipe or tubing is likely to result
3. With piping installed in conduit or bridged (shielded) if a minimum of 12 in. (300 mm) of cover cannot be provided

Polyethylene and polyamide pipe and tubing shall be buried as follows:

6.11.4.3

1. The horizontal portion of risers shall be buried at least 12 in. (300 mm) below grade, and the casing material used for the risers shall be protected against corrosion in accordance with Section 6.19.
2. Either the aboveground portion of the riser casing shall be provided with a plastic sleeve inside the riser casing, or the pipe or tubing shall be centered in the riser casing.
3. Factory-assembled risers shall be sealed and leak tested by the manufacturer.

Assembled anodeless risers shall be used to terminate underground polyamide and polyethylene fixed piping systems above ground.

6.11.4.4

1. Field-assembled risers shall comply with the following:

   1. They shall be design certified.
   2. They shall be sealed and pressure tested by the installer.
   3. They shall be assembled and installed in accordance with the riser manufacturer's instructions.

2. The casing of the riser shall be constructed of one of the following materials:

   1. ASTM A53/A53M, Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless, Schedule 40 steel pipe
   2. ASTM A513/A513M, Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical Tubing, mechanical steel tubing with a minimum wall thickness of 0.073 in. (1.9 mm)
   3. Flexible metal tubing with a minimum crush strength of lb (453.6 kg) and a tensile strength of 300 lb (136 kg), including the transition connection as tested by the manufacturer

Field-assembled risers shall be supplied only in kit form with all necessary hardware for installation.

6.11.4.5*

Polyamide and polyethylene piping shall be designed to sustain and minimize the thrust forces caused by contraction or expansion of the piping or by anticipated external or internal loading.

6.11.4.6

1. One end of the tracer wire shall be brought above ground at a building wall or riser.
2. The tracer wire or tape shall not be in direct contact with the polyamide or polyethylene pipe.

An electrically continuous corrosion-resistant tracer wire (minimum AWG 14) or tape shall be buried with the polyamide or polyethylene pipe to facilitate locating the pipe.

6.11.4.7

1. Gastight metal pipe and fittings that are protected from corrosion
2. An anodeless riser

Polyamide and polyethylene piping that is installed in a vault, the dome of an underground container , or any other belowground enclosure shall be completely encased in one of the following:

6.11.4.8

Polyamide and polyethylene piping shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.

6.11.4.9

1. The polyamide or polyethylene pipe or tubing shall be protected from being damaged during the insertion process.
2. The leading end of the polyamide or polyethylene pipe or tubing being inserted shall also be closed prior to insertion.

Where polyamide or polyethylene pipe or tubing is inserted into an existing steel pipe, it shall comply with 6.11.4.9(A) and 6.11.4.9(B).

6.11.4.10

Polyamide and polyethylene pipe that is not encased shall have a minimum wall thickness of 0.090 in. (2.3 mm).

6.11.4.11

Polyamide or polyethylene pipe with an outside diameter of 0.875 in. (22.2 mm) or less shall be permitted to have a minimum wall thickness of 0.062 in. (1.6 mm).

6.11.4.12

Each imperfection or damaged piece of polyamide or polyethylene pipe shall be replaced by fusion or mechanical fittings.

6.11.4.13

Repair clamps shall not be used to cover damaged or leaking sections.

6.11.5.1

1. Valves shall protect the pipe from excessive torsional or shearing loads when the valve is operated.
2. Valve boxes shall be installed so as to minimize transmitting external loads to the valve or pipe.

Valves in polyamide and polyethylene piping shall comply with following:

6.11.5.2

Valves shall be recommended for LP-Gas service by the manufacturer.

6.11.5.3

Valves shall be manufactured from thermoplastic materials fabricated from materials listed in ASTM D, Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings, or ASTM F, Standard Specification for Polyamide 11 Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings, that have been shown to be resistant to the action of LP-Gas, or from metals protected to minimize corrosion in accordance with Section 6.19

6.11.6.1

Flexible connectors shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

6.11.6.2

Hose shall be prohibited between the first-stage and second-stage regulators except during temporary use.

6.12.1

1. Actuators and pressure supply line components shall be compatible with LP-Gas vapor.
2. Supply line piping materials shall be limited to a maximum of 3/8in. (9.0 mm) outside diameter.
3. * Supply pressure shall be controlled to prevent condensation of the LP-Gas vapor.
4. The LP-Gas supply maximum flow rate to the system shall not exceed that from a No. 54 drill orifice.

Where LP-Gas vapor is used as a pressure source for activating the remote shutoff mechanisms of internal valves and emergency shutoff valves , the following shall apply:

6.12.2

Where compressed air is used as a pressure source for activating internal valves and emergency shutoff valves , the air shall be clean and kept at a moisture level that will not prevent the system from operating.

6.13.3.1

Automatic shutdown of internal valves in liquid service shall be provided using thermal (fire) actuation.

6.13.3.2

The thermal sensing element of the internal valve shall be within 5 ft (1.5 m) of the internal valve

6.13.3.3

Temperature-sensitive elements installed in accordance with 6.13.3.2 shall not be painted or coated after manufacture.

6.13.4.1

1. Not less than 25 ft (7.6 m) or more than 100 ft (30 m) from the liquid transfer point
2. Not less than 25 ft (7.6 m) from the internal valves that are being controlled
3. Along a path of egress from the liquid transfer point

At least one remote shutdown station for internal valves in liquid service shall be installed in accordance with the following:

6.13.4.2

This requirement shall be retroactive to all internal valves required by the code within 3 years of adoption of this edition.

6.13.5

Emergency remote shutdown stations shall be identified by a sign, visible from the point of transfer , incorporating the words "Propane &#; Container Liquid Valve Emergency Shutoff" in block letters of not less than 2 in. (51 mm) in height on a background of contrasting color to the letters.

6.14.1

3) utilizing a liquid transfer line that is 11/2 in. (39 mm) or larger, and a pressure equalizing vapor line that is 11/4 in. (32 mm) or larger, shall be equipped with

On new installations and on existing installations, stationary container storage systems with an aggregate water capacity of more than gal (15.2 m) utilizing a liquid transfer line that is 1in. (39 mm) or larger, and a pressure equalizing vapor line that is 1in. (32 mm) or larger, shall be equipped with emergency shutoff valves

6.14.2

An emergency shutoff valve shall be installed in the transfer lines of the fixed piping transfer system within 20 ft (6 m) of lineal pipe from the nearest end of the hose or swivel-type piping connections.

6.14.3

When the flow is only into the container , a backflow check valve shall be permitted to be used in lieu of an emergency shutoff valve if installed in the piping transfer system downstream of the hose or swivel-type piping connections.

6.14.4

The backflow check valve shall have a metal-to-metal seat or a primary resilient seat with metal backup, not hinged with combustible material, and shall be designed for this specific application.

6.14.5

Where there are two or more liquid or vapor lines with hoses or swivel-type piping connected of the sizes designated, an emergency shutoff valve or a backflow check valve , where allowed, shall be installed in each leg of the piping.

6.14.6

Emergency shutoff valves shall be installed so that the temperature-sensitive element in the valve , or a supplemental temperature-sensitive element that operates at a maximum temperature of 250°F (121°C) that is connected to actuate the valve , is not more than 5 ft (1.5 m) from the nearest end of the hose or swivel-type piping connected to the line in which the valve is installed.

6.14.7

Temperature-sensitive elements of emergency shutoff valves shall not be painted or coated after manufacture.

6.14.8*

The emergency shutoff valves or backflow check valves shall be installed in the fixed piping so that any break resulting from a pull will occur on the hose or swivel-type piping side of the connection while retaining intact the valves and piping on the plant side of the connection.

6.14.9

Where emergency shutoff valves are required to be installed in accordance with 6.14.2 , a means shall be incorporated to actuate the emergency shutoff valves in the event of a break of the fixed piping resulting from a pull on the hose.

6.14.11

Backflow check valves installed in lieu of emergency shutoff valves shall be checked annually for proper operation, and the results of the test shall be documented.

6.14.12.1

Each emergency shutoff valve shall have at least one clearly identified and easily accessible manually operated remote emergency shutoff device.

6.14.12.2

The shutoff device shall be located not less than 25 ft (7.6 m) or more than 100 ft (30 m) in the path of egress from the emergency shutoff valve

6.15 Hydrostatic Relief Valve Installation

A hydrostatic relief valve or a device providing pressure-relieving protection shall be installed in each section of piping and hose in which liquid LP-Gas can be trapped between valves

6.15.1

Shutoff valves that could isolate the hydrostatic relief valves or devices from the piping or hose shall not be installed.

6.15.2

It shall be permitted to install a three-way isolation valve rated for at least 500 psi working pressure connected to two hydrostatic relief valves

6.16.1.1

After installation or modification, piping systems (including hose) shall be proven free of leaks at not less than the normal operating pressure.

6.16.1.2

LP-Gas shall be permitted to be used as the test medium.

6.16.2.1

Where new branches are installed, only the newly installed branch(es) shall be required to be tested at not less than the normal operating pressure.

6.16.2.2

Connections between the new piping and the existing piping shall be tested with a noncorrosive leak-detecting fluid or approved leak-detecting methods.

6.16.3

Piping within the scope of NFPA 54 shall be pressure tested in accordance with that code.

6.16.4

Tests shall not be made with a flame.

6.17.2*

Immediately after the gas is turned on into a new system or into a system that has been initially restored after an interruption of service, the piping system shall be checked for leakage.

6.17.3

Piping within the scope of NFPA 54 shall be checked for leakage in accordance with that code.

6.17.4*

Gas systems within the scope of 49 CFR 192 or those outside the scope of NFPA 54 shall be exempt from the requirements of this section.

6.17.5

Where leakage is indicated, the gas supply shall be shut off until the necessary repairs have been made.

6.18.1*

2), piping,

In areas where the ground snow load is equal to or exceeds 100 psf (488 kgf/m), piping, regulators , meters, and other equipment installed in the piping system shall be protected from the forces of accumulated snow.

6.19.1

All materials and equipment installed above ground shall be of corrosion-resistant material or shall be coated or protected to minimize exterior corrosion.

6.19.2

1. Materials and equipment shall be made of corrosion-resistant material that are suitable for the environment in which they will be installed.
2. Materials and equipment shall be manufactured with a corrosion-resistant coating or have a coating applied prior to being placed into service.
3. Materials and equipment shall have a cathodic protection system installed and maintained in accordance with 6.19.3.

Except for underground and mounded containers (see 6.8.6 ), all materials and equipment that are buried or mounded shall comply with one of the requirements in 6.19.2(A) through 6.19.2(C).

6.19.3

Where installed, cathodic protection systems shall comply with 6.19.3.1 through 6.19.3.3

6.19.3.1*

1. Producing a voltage of -0.85 volt or more negative, with reference to a saturated copper-copper sulfate half cell
2. Producing a voltage of -0.78 volt or more negative, with reference to a saturated KCl calomel half cell
3. Producing a voltage of -0.80 volt or more negative, with reference to a silver-silver chloride half cell
4. Any other method described in Appendix D of 49 CFR 192

Cathodic protection systems installed in accordance with this code shall be monitored by testing, the results shall be documented, and confirming tests shall be described by one of the following:

6.19.3.2*

1. Upon installation of the cathodic protection system, unless prohibited by climatic conditions, in which case testing shall be done within 180 days after the installation of the system.
2. For continued verification of the effectiveness of the system, 12 to 18 months after the initial test.
3. Upon successful verification testing and in consideration of previous test results, periodic follow-up testing shall be performed at intervals not to exceed 36 months.
4. Systems failing a test shall be repaired as soon as practical unless climatic conditions prohibit this action, in which case the repair shall be made not more than 180 days thereafter. The testing schedule shall be restarted as required in 6.19.3.2(1) and 6.19.3.2(2), and the results shall comply with 6.19.3.2.
5. Documentation of the results of the two most recent tests shall be retained.

Sacrificial anodes shall be tested in accordance with the following schedule.

6.19.3.3*

1. All sources of impressed current shall be inspected and tested at intervals not exceeding 2 months.
2. All impressed current cathodic protection installations shall be inspected and tested annually.

Where an impressed current cathodic protection system is installed, it shall be inspected and tested in accordance with the schedule described in 6.19.3.3(A) and 6.19.3.3(B).

6.19.4

Corrosion protection of all other materials shall be in accordance with accepted engineering practice.

6.20.2.1

Pumps shall be installed in accordance with the pump manufacturers' installation instructions.

6.20.2.2

1. By piping design
2. By the use of flexible metallic connectors that do not exceed 36 in. (1 m) in overall length
3. By other means

Installation shall be made so that the pump casing is not subjected to excessive strains transmitted to it by the suction and discharge piping, which shall be accomplished as follows:

6.20.2.3

1. The bypass valve or recirculating device to limit the normal operating discharge pressure shall discharge either into a storage container or into the pump inlet.

2. If the bypass valve or recirculating device is equipped with a shutoff valve , a secondary device shall be required and designed to do one of the following:

   1. Operate at not more than 400 psig (2.8 MPag)
   2. Operate at a pressure of 50 psig (345 kPag) above the operating pressure where the design pressure exceeds 350 psig (2.4 MPag)
3. Engines used to drive portable pumps shall be equipped with exhaust system spark arresters and shielded ignition systems.
4. The secondary device shall be incorporated, if not integral with the pump, in the pump piping and shall be designed or installed so that it cannot be rendered inoperative and shall discharge either into a storage container or into the pump inlet.
5. A pump operating control or disconnect switch shall be located near the pump, and remote control points shall be provided for other plant operations such as container filling, loading or unloading of cargo tank vehicles and railroad tank cars, or operation of the dispenser.

Positive displacement pumps shall incorporate a bypass valve or recirculating device to limit the normal operating discharge pressure.

6.20.3.1

Compressors shall be installed in accordance with the compressor manufacturers' installation instructions.

6.20.3.2

Installation shall be made so that the compressor housing is not subjected to excessive stresses transmitted to it by the suction and discharge piping. Where used to provide flexibility in the piping system, flexible metallic connectors or metallic-protected flexible hose connectors shall not exceed 36 in. (1 m) in overall total length.

6.20.3.3

Engines used to drive portable compressors shall be equipped with exhaust system spark arresters and shielded ignition systems.

6.20.3.4

Where the compressor is not equipped with an integral means to prevent the LP-Gas liquid from entering the suction, a liquid trap shall be installed in the suction piping as close to the compressor as practical.

6.20.3.5

Portable compressors used with temporary connections shall be excluded from the requirement in 6.20.3.4 unless used to unload railroad tank cars.

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6.20.4 Installation of Strainers

Strainers shall be installed so that the strainer element can be removed without removing equipment or piping.

6.20.5.1

Liquid or vapor meters shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturers' installation instructions.

6.20.5.2

Liquid meters shall be installed so that the meter housing is not subject to excessive strains from the connecting piping.

6.20.5.3

If not provided in the piping design, the use of flexible connectors not exceeding 36 in. (1 m) shall be permitted

6.20.5.4

Vapor meters shall be installed so as to minimize the possibility of physical damage.

6.21.2.2

Buildings used exclusively for housing pumps or vapor compressors shall be located in accordance with 6.7.2.2 , considering the building as one that houses a point of transfer

6.21.2.3

1. The track of the railroad siding or the roadway surface at the transfer points shall be relatively level.
2. Clearances from buildings, structures, or stationary containers shall be provided for the siding or roadway approaches to the unloading or loading points to prevent the railroad tank car or cargo tank vehicle from contacting buildings, structures, or stationary containers.
3. Barriers shall be provided at the ends of railroad sidings.

Liquid transfer facilities at rail sidings shall comply with 6.21.2.3(A) through 6.21.2.3(C).

6.21.2.4

1. Compressors used for liquid transfer normally shall withdraw vapor from the vapor space of the container being filled and discharge into the vapor space of the container from which the withdrawal is being made.
2. An operating control or disconnect switch shall be located nearby.
3. Remote shutoff controls shall be provided as necessary in other liquid transfer systems.

Pumps and compressors shall comply with 6.21.2.4(A) through 6.21.2.4(C).

6.21.2.5*

Bulk plant and industrial plant liquid inlet piping shall be designed to prevent debris from impeding the action of valves and other components of the piping system. This requirement shall be effective for existing installations on July 1, .

6.21.2.7

1/2 in. (12 mm) internal diameter shall not be used for making connections to individual

Transfer hose larger thanin. (12 mm) internal diameter shall not be used for making connections to individual containers being filled indoors.

6.21.2.8

If gas is to be discharged from containers inside a building, the provisions of 7.3.3.1 shall apply.

6.21.4.1

1. Security awareness training
2. Limitation of unauthorized access to plant areas that include container appurtenances, pumping equipment, loading and unloading facilities, and container filling facilities

The following security measures shall be provided to minimize the possibility of entry by unauthorized persons:

6.21.4.2

1. The enclosure shall have at least two means of emergency egress, unless all the following conditions are met:

   1. The fenced or otherwise enclosed area is not over 100 ft2 (9 m2).
   2. The point of transfer is within 3 ft (1 m) of the gate.
   3. Containers are not filled within the enclosure.
2. The two means of emergency egress, where required, shall be at least 25 ft (7.6 m) apart or as remotely located as is practical.
3. Designated means of egress shall be unlocked when the enclosure is occupied or shall be opened without the need for tools, keys, or combination codes.
4. Clearance of at least 3 ft (1 m) shall be provided to allow emergency access to the required means of egress.
5. Fencing shall not be required where devices are provided that can be locked in place and prevent unauthorized operation of valves, equipment, and appurtenances.

Areas that include features required in 6.21.4.1 (2) shall be enclosed with a minimum 6 ft (1.8 m) high industrial-type fence, chain-link fence, or equivalent protection.

6.21.4.3

Where guard service is provided, it shall be extended to the LP-Gas installation, and the requirements of Section 4.4 shall apply to guard personnel.

6.21.5 Lighting

If operations are normally conducted during other than daylight hours, lighting shall be provided to illuminate storage containers containers being loaded, control valves , and other equipment.

6.22.1.1

1. Cylinders inside of buildings or on the roofs or exterior balconies of buildings
2. Systems in which the liquid is piped from outside containers into buildings or onto the roof

Section 6.22 shall apply to the installation of the following LP-Gas systems in buildings or structures:

6.22.1.2

1. The use of cylinders indoors shall be only for the purposes specified in 6.22.4 through 6.22.10.
2. The use of cylinders indoors shall be limited to those conditions where operational requirements make the indoor use of cylinders necessary and location outside is impractical.
3. The use of cylinders on roofs shall be limited to those conditions where operational requirements make the use of cylinders necessary and location other than on roofs of buildings or structures is impractical.
4. Liquid LP-Gas shall be piped into buildings or structures only for the purposes specified in 6.11.1.1(D).

The phrase cylinders in use shall mean connected for use.

6.22.1.3

Storage of cylinders awaiting use shall be in accordance with Chapter 8

6.22.1.4

Transportation of cylinders within a building shall be in accordance with 6.22.3.6

6.22.1.5

1. Liquid transfer systems shall be in accordance with Chapter 7.
2. Engine fuel systems used inside buildings shall be in accordance with Chapter 11.
3. LP-Gas transport or cargo tank vehicles stored, serviced, or repaired in buildings shall be in accordance with Chapter 9.

The following provisions shall be required in addition to those specified in Sections 6.2 and 6.4:

6.22.2.2

Manifolds and fittings connecting cylinders to pressure regulator inlets shall be designed for at least 250 psig (1.7 MPag ) service pressure.

6.22.2.3

Piping shall comply with Section 5.11 and shall have a pressure rating of 250 psig (1.7 MPag ).

6.22.2.4

Liquid piping and vapor piping at pressures above 125 psig (0.9 MPag ) shall be installed in accordance with 6.11.3

6.22.2.5

1. Hose used at pressures above 5 psig (34 kPag) shall be designed for a pressure of at least 350 psig (2.4 MPag).
2. Hose used at a pressure of 5 psig (34 kPag) or less and used in agricultural buildings not normally occupied by the public shall be designed for the operating pressure of the hose.
3. Hose shall comply with 5.11.6.
4. Hose shall be installed in accordance with 6.23.4.
5. Hose shall be as short as practical, without kinking or straining the hose or causing it to be close enough to a burner to be damaged by heat.
6. Hoses greater than 10 ft (3 m) in length shall be protected from damage.

Hose, hose connections, and flexible connectors shall comply with the following:

6.22.2.6*

1. Portable heaters shall be equipped with an approved automatic device to shut off the flow of gas to the main burner and to the pilot, if used, in the event of flame extinguishment or combustion failure.
2. Portable heaters shall be self-supporting unless designed for cylinder mounting.
3. Portable heaters shall not be installed utilizing cylinder valves, connectors, regulators, manifolds, piping, or tubing as structural supports.
4. Portable heaters having an input of more than 50,000 Btu/hr (53 MJ/hr) shall be equipped with either a pilot that must be lighted and proved before the main burner can be turned on or an approved electric ignition system.

Portable heaters, including salamanders, shall comply with the following:

6.22.2.7

1. Tar kettle burners, hand torches, or melting pots
2. Portable heaters with less than Btu/hr (8 MJ/hr) input if used with cylinders having a maximum water capacity of 2.7 lb (1.2 kg) and filled with not more than 16.8 oz (0.522 kg) of LP-Gas

The provisions of 6.22.2.6 shall not be applicable to the following:

6.22.3.1

Cylinders having water capacities greater than 2.7 lb (1.2 kg) and connected for use shall stand on a firm and substantially level surface, and, if necessary, they shall be secured in an upright position.

6.22.3.2

1. Abnormally high temperatures (such as might result from exposure to convection and radiation from heating appliances or installation in confined spaces)
2. Physical damage
3. Tampering by unauthorized persons

Cylinders , regulating equipment, manifolds, pipe, tubing, and hose shall be located to minimize exposure to the following:

6.22.3.3

Heat-producing appliances shall be installed with clearance to combustibles in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.

6.22.3.4

Heat-producing appliances shall be located and used to minimize the possibility of the ignition of combustibles.

6.22.3.5

Where located on a floor, roof, or balcony, cylinders shall be secured to prevent falling over the edge.

6.22.3.6

1. Valve outlets on cylinders having water capacities greater than 2.7 lb (1.2 kg) shall be tightly plugged, capped, or sealed with a listed quick-closing coupling or a listed quick-connect coupling.
2. Only emergency stairways not normally used by the public shall be used, and precautions shall be taken to prevent the cylinder from falling down the stairs.
3. Freight or passenger elevators shall be permitted to be used when occupied only by those engaged in moving the cylinder.

Transportation (movement) of cylinders having water capacities greater than 2.7 lb (1.2 kg) within a building shall be restricted to movement directly associated with the uses covered by Section 6.22

6.22.4.1

Where cylinders are used and transported in buildings or structures under construction or undergoing major renovation and such buildings are not occupied by the public, the requirements of 6.22.4.2 through 6.22.4.10 shall apply.

6.22.4.2

The use and transportation of cylinders in the unoccupied portions of buildings or structures under construction or undergoing major renovation that are partially occupied by the public shall be approved by the authority having jurisdiction

6.22.4.4

Heaters used for temporary heating shall be located at least 6 ft (1.8 m) from any cylinder . (See 6.22.4.5 for an exception to this requirement.)

6.22.4.5

Integral heater- cylinder units specifically designed for the attachment of the heater to the cylinder , or to a supporting standard attached to the cylinder , and designed and installed to prevent direct or radiant heat application to the cylinder shall be exempt from the spacing requirement of 6.22.4.4

6.22.4.6

Blower-type and radiant-type units shall not be directed toward any cylinder within 20 ft (6.1 m).

6.22.4.7

If two or more heater- cylinder units of either the integral or nonintegral type are located in an unpartitioned area on the same floor, the cylinder (s) of each such unit shall be separated from the cylinder (s) of any other such unit by at least 20 ft (6.1 m).

6.22.4.8

If heaters are connected to cylinders manifolded together for use in an unpartitioned area on the same floor, the total water capacity of cylinders manifolded together serving any one heater shall not be greater than 735 lb (333 kg) [nominal 300 lb (136 kg) propane capacity]. If there is more than one such manifold, it shall be separated from any other by at least 20 ft (6.1 m).

6.22.4.9

1. Heaters shall not be installed on the same floors with manifolded cylinders.
2. The total water capacity of the cylinders connected to any one manifold shall not be greater than lb ( kg) [nominal lb (454 kg) propane capacity].
3. Manifolds of more than 735 lb (333 kg) water capacity [nominal 300 lb (136 kg) propane capacity], if located in the same unpartitioned area, shall be separated from each other by at least 50 ft (15 m).

Where cylinders are manifolded together for connection to a heater(s) on another floor, the following shall apply:

6.22.4.10

Where compliance with the provisions of 6.22.4.6 through 6.22.4.9 is impractical, alternate installation provisions shall be allowed with the approval of the authority having jurisdiction

6.22.5.1

1. The maximum water capacity of individual cylinders shall be 50 lb (23 kg) [nominal 20 lb (9.1 kg) propane capacity], and the number of cylinders in the building shall not exceed the number of workers assigned to the use of the propane.
2. Cylinders having a water capacity greater than 2.7 lb (1.2 kg) shall not be left unattended.

Cylinders used and transported for repair or minor renovation in buildings frequented by the public during the hours the public normally occupies the building shall comply with the following:

6.22.5.2

During the hours the building is not open to the public, cylinders used and transported within the building for repair or minor renovation and with a water capacity greater than 2.7 lb (1.2 kg) shall not be left unattended.

6.22.6.1

1. If cylinders are manifolded together, the total water capacity of the connected cylinders shall be not more than 735 lb (333 kg) [nominal 300 lb (136 kg) propane capacity]. If there is more than one such manifold in a room, it shall be separated from any other by at least 20 ft (6.1 m).
2. The amount of LP-Gas in cylinders for research and experimental use in the building shall be limited to the smallest practical quantity.

Cylinders used in buildings housing industrial occupancies for processing, research, or experimental purposes shall comply with 6.22.6.1(A) and 6.22.6.1(B).

6.22.6.2

The use of cylinders to supply fuel for temporary heating in buildings housing industrial occupancies with essentially noncombustible contents shall comply with the requirements in 6.22.4 for cylinders in buildings under construction.

6.22.6.3

The use of cylinders to supply fuel for temporary heating shall be permitted only where a portable appliance for space heating is essential and a permanent heating installation is not practical.

6.22.7.1

The use of cylinders in classrooms shall be prohibited unless they are used temporarily for classroom demonstrations in accordance with 6.22.9.1

6.22.7.2

1. The maximum water capacity of individual cylinders used shall be 50 lb (23 kg) [nominal 20 lb (9.1 kg) propane capacity] if used in educational occupancies and 12 lb (5.4 kg) [nominal 5 lb (2 kg) propane capacity] if used in institutional occupancies.
2. If more than one such cylinder is located in the same room, the cylinders shall be separated by at least 20 ft (6.1 m).
3. Cylinders not connected for use shall be stored in accordance with Chapter 8.
4. Cylinders shall not be stored in a laboratory room.

Where cylinders are used in buildings housing educational and institutional laboratory occupancies for research and experimental purposes, the following shall apply:

6.22.8.1

1. The permanent heating system is temporarily out of service.
2. Heat is necessary to prevent damage to the buildings or contents.
3. The cylinders and heaters comply with, and are used and transported in accordance with, 6.22.2 through 6.22.4.
4. The temporary heating appliance is not left unattended.
5. Air for combustion and ventilation is provided in accordance with NFPA 54.

Cylinders shall not be used in buildings for temporary emergency heating purposes except when all of the following conditions are met:

6.22.8.2

When a public emergency has been declared and gas, fuel, or electrical service has been interrupted, portable listed LP-Gas commercial food service appliances meeting the requirements of 6.22.9.4 shall be permitted to be temporarily used inside affected buildings.

6.22.8.3

The portable appliances used shall be discontinued and removed from the building at the time the permanently installed appliances are placed back in operation.

6.22.9.1

1. The maximum water capacity of a cylinder shall be 12 lb (5.4 kg) [nominal 5 lb (2 kg) propane capacity].
2. If more than one such cylinder is located in a room, the cylinders shall be separated by at least 20 ft (6.1 m).

Cylinders used temporarily inside buildings for public exhibitions or demonstrations, including use in classroom demonstrations, shall be in accordance with the following:

6.22.9.2

1. The maximum water capacity of individual cylinders shall be 245 lb (111 kg) [nominal 100 lb (45 kg) propane capacity], but not more than 20 lb (9.1 kg) of propane shall be placed in a single cylinder.
2. If more than one such cylinder is located in the same room, the cylinders shall be separated by at least 20 ft (6.1 m).
3. The training location shall be acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.
4. Cylinders shall be promptly removed from the building when the training class has terminated.

Cylinders used temporarily in buildings for training purposes related to the installation and use of LP-Gas systems shall be in accordance with the following:

6.22.9.3*

1. Cylinders used in buildings shall comply with UL 147A, Standard for Nonrefillable (Disposable) Type Fuel Gas Cylinder Assemblies.
2. Cylinders shall have a maximum water capacity of 2.7 lb (1.2 kg).

Cylinders used in buildings as part of approved self-contained torch assemblies or similar appliances shall be in accordance with the following:

6.22.9.4

1. Cylinders and appliances shall be listed.
2. Commercial food service appliances shall not have more than two 10 oz (296 ml) nonrefillable butane gas cylinders, each having a maximum capacity of 1.08 lb (0.490 kg).
3. Cylinders shall comply with UL 147B, Standard for Nonrefillable (Disposable) Type Metal Container Assemblies for Butane.
4. Cylinders shall be connected directly to the appliance and shall not be manifolded.
5. Cylinders shall be an integral part of the listed, approved, commercial food service device and shall be connected without the use of a rubber hose.
6. Storage of cylinders shall be in accordance with 8.3.1.

Cylinders used with commercial food service appliances shall be used inside restaurants and in attended commercial food catering operations in accordance with the following:

6.22.10.1

Where cylinders are used temporarily in buildings for flame effects before an audience, the flame effect shall be in accordance with NFPA 160.

6.22.10.2

The maximum water capacity of individual cylinders shall be 48 lb (22 kg) [nominal 20 lb (9.1 kg) propane capacity].

6.22.10.3*

If more than one cylinder is located in the same room, the cylinders shall be separated by at least 20 ft (6.1 m).

6.22.10.4

Where a separation of 20 ft (6.1 m) is not practical, reduction of distances shall be permitted with the approval of the authority having jurisdiction

6.22.10.5

Cylinders shall not be connected or disconnected during the flame effect or performance.

6.22.11.1

1. The total water capacity of cylinders connected to any one manifold shall be not greater than 980 lb (445 kg) [nominal 400 lb (181 kg) propane capacity]. If more than one manifold is located on the roof, it shall be separated from any other by at least 50 ft (15 m).
2. Cylinders shall be located in areas where there is free air circulation, at least 10 ft (3 m) from building openings (such as windows and doors), and at least 20 ft (6.1 m) from air intakes of air-conditioning and ventilating systems.
3. Cylinders shall not be located on roofs that are entirely enclosed by parapets more than 18 in. (460 mm) high unless the parapets are breached with low-level ventilation openings not more than 20 ft (6.1 m) apart, or unless all openings communicating with the interior of the building are at or above the top of the parapets.
4. Piping shall be in accordance with 6.22.2.3 through 6.22.2.5.
5. Hose shall not be used for connection to cylinders.
6. The fire department shall be advised of each installation.

Where cylinders are installed permanently on roofs of buildings, the buildings shall be of fire-resistant construction or noncombustible construction having essentially noncombustible contents, or of other construction or contents that are protected with automatic sprinklers.

6.22.11.2

Cylinders having water capacities greater than 2.7 lb (1 kg) [nominal 1 lb (0.5 kg) LP-Gas capacity] shall not be located on decks or balconies of dwellings of two or more living units above the first floor unless they are served by exterior stairways.

6.22.12.1

Buildings or separate areas of buildings into which LP-Gas liquid at pressures exceeding 20 psig (138 kPag ) is piped shall be constructed in accordance with Chapter 10 and shall be used for the purposes listed in 6.11.1.1 (D)(2).

6.22.12.2

1. Liquid piping shall not exceed 3/4 in. (20 mm) and shall comply with 6.11.1 and 6.11.3.
2. Copper tubing with a maximum outside diameter of 3/4 in. (20 mm) shall be used where approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
3. Liquid piping in buildings shall be kept to a minimum length and shall be protected against construction hazards by fastening it to walls or other surfaces to provide protection against breakage and by locating it so as to avoid exposure to high ambient temperatures.
4. A readily accessible shutoff valve shall be located at each intermediate branch line where it leaves the main line.
5. A second shutoff valve shall be located at the appliance end of the branch and upstream of any flexible appliance connector.
6. Excess-flow valves shall be installed downstream of each branch line shutoff valve.
7. Excess-flow valves shall be located at any point in the piping system where branch lines are used and the pipe size of the branch line is reduced. The excess flow valve shall be sized for the reduced size of the branch line piping.
8. Hose shall not be used to carry liquid between the container and building and shall not be used at any point in the liquid line.
9. Hydrostatic relief valves shall be installed where required.
10. The release of fuel when any section of piping or appliances is disconnected shall be minimized either by using an approved automatic quick-closing coupling that shuts off the gas on both sides when uncoupled or by closing the shutoff valve closest to the point to be disconnected and allowing the appliances on that line to operate until the fuel in the line is consumed.

Liquid LP-Gas piped into buildings under construction or major renovation in accordance with 6.11.1.1(D)(1) shall comply with 6.22.12.2(A) through 6.22.12.2(J).

6.23.1.2

Installation of appliances on commercial vehicles shall be in accordance with 6.26.7

6.23.2.1

Patio heaters utilizing an integral LP-Gas container greater than 1.08 lb (0.49 kg) propane capacity shall comply with 6.23.2.2 and 6.23.2.3

6.23.2.2

Patio heaters shall be listed and used in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's instructions.

6.23.2.3

Patio heaters shall not be located within 5 ft (1.5 m) of exits from an assembly occupancy

6.23.3.2

Modification of the cabinet heater CGA 793 connection or the use of an adapter that allows an alternate fuel source or allows the use of steel or aluminum cylinders to supply the cabinet heater shall be prohibited.

6.23.4.1

The requirements of Section 6.23 shall apply to hoses used on the low-pressure side of regulators to connect portable appliances.

6.23.4.2

1. The hose shall be the minimum practical length and shall be in accordance with 6.22.2.5.
2. The hose shall not extend from one room to another or pass through any partitions, walls, ceilings, or floors except as provided by 6.22.4.9.
3. The hose shall not be concealed from view or used in concealed locations.

Where used inside buildings, the following shall apply:

6.23.4.3

Where installed outside of buildings, the hose length shall be permitted to exceed 10 ft (3 m) but shall be as short as practical.

6.23.4.4

Hose shall be securely connected to the appliance.

6.23.4.5

The use of rubber slip ends shall not be permitted

6.23.4.6

A shutoff valve shall be provided in the piping immediately upstream of the inlet connection of the hose.

6.23.4.7

Where more than one such appliance shutoff is located near another, the valves shall be marked to indicate which appliance is connected to each valve

6.23.4.8

Hose shall be protected against physical damage.

6.24.2.1

Indirect-fired vaporizers shall be installed outdoors, or in separate buildings or structures that comply with Section 10.2 , or in attached structures or rooms that comply with Section 10.3

6.24.2.2

The separate building or structure shall not have any unprotected drains to sewers or sump pits.

6.24.2.3

Pressure relief valves on vaporizers within buildings in industrial or gas manufacturing plants shall be piped to a point outside the building or structure and shall discharge vertically upward.

6.24.2.4

If the heat source of an indirect-fired vaporizer is gas fired and is located within 15 ft (4.6 m) of the vaporizer , the vaporizer and its heat source shall be installed as a direct-fired vaporizer and shall be subject to the requirements of 6.24.3

6.24.2.5

1. It shall be located outdoors.
2. It shall be located within a structure that complies with Section 10.2.
3. It shall be located within a structure attached to, or in rooms within, a building or structure that complies with Section 10.3.

The installation of a heat source serving an indirect-fired vaporizer that utilizes a flammable or combustible heat transfer fluid shall comply with one of the following:

6.24.2.6

Gas-fired heating systems supplying heat for vaporization purposes shall be equipped with automatic safety devices to shut off gas to the main burners if ignition fails to occur.

6.24.2.7

The installation of a heat source serving an indirect-fired vaporizer that utilizes a noncombustible heat transfer fluid, such as steam, water, or a water-glycol mixture, shall be installed outdoors or in industrial occupancies

6.24.2.9

1. The heat transfer fluid shall be steam or hot water.
2. The heat transfer fluid shall not be recirculated.
3. A backflow preventer shall be installed between the vaporizer and the heat source.

The following shall apply to indirect-fired vaporizers installed in buildings:

6.24.2.10

If the heat transfer fluid is recirculated after leaving the vaporizer , the heat source shall be installed in accordance with 6.24.2.5 and a phase separator shall be installed with the gas vented.

6.24.2.11

Indirect-fired vaporizers employing heat from the atmosphere shall be installed outdoors and shall be located in accordance with Table 6.24.3.6

6.24.2.12

Where atmospheric vaporizers of less than 1 qt (0.9 L) capacity are installed in industrial occupancies , they shall be installed as close as practical to the point of entry of the supply line in the building.

6.24.2.13

Atmospheric vaporizers of less than 1 qt (0.9 L) capacity shall not be installed in other than industrial occupancies

6.24.3.1

Where a direct-fired vaporizer is installed in a separate structure, the separate structure shall be constructed in accordance with Chapter 10

6.24.3.2

The housing for direct-fired vaporizers shall not have any drains to a sewer or a sump pit that is shared with any other structure.

6.24.3.5

A manually operated shutoff valve shall be installed in each connection of the ASME container supplying the vaporizer

6.24.4.5

3/4 in. (19 mm) high or larger that reads as follows shall be displayed immediately adjacent to the CAUTION: A device that contains a source of ignition is connected to this

A device that contains a source of ignition is connected to this container . The source of ignition must be shut off before filling the container

If a point of transfer is located within 15 ft (4.6 m) of a tank heater having a source of ignition, the source of ignition shall be shut off during product transfer and a caution notice in lettersin. (19 mm) high or larger that reads as follows shall be displayed immediately adjacent to the filling connections:

6.24.4.6* Annual Inspection

1. Direct-type tank heaters shall be removed annually and the container surface shall be inspected.
2. If corrosion or coating damage other than discoloration is found, the container shall be removed from service and tested in accordance with 5.2.1.2(B).

6.24.6.1

If a waterbath vaporizer is electrically heated and all electrical equipment is designed for Class I, Group D locations, the unit shall be treated as an indirect-fired vaporizer and shall be installed in accordance with 6.24.2

6.24.8.2

Where used without a vaporizer , a mixer shall be installed outdoors or in a building complying with Chapter 10

6.24.8.3

1. In an outdoor location
2. In the same compartment or room with the vaporizer
3. In a building complying with Chapter 10
4. In a location that is both remote from the vaporizer and in accordance with 6.24.2

Where used with an indirect-fired vaporizer , a mixer shall be installed as follows:

6.24.8.4

1. With a listed or approved mixer in a common cabinet with the vaporizer outdoors in accordance with 6.24.3.6
2. Outdoors on a common skid with the vaporizer in accordance with 6.24.3
3. Adjacent to the vaporizer to which it is connected in accordance with 6.24.3
4. In a building complying with Chapter 10 without a direct-fired vaporizer in the same room

Where used with a direct-fired vaporizer , a mixer shall be installed as follows:

6.25.1.1

This section shall apply to the minimization of ignition of flammable LP-Gas-air mixtures resulting from the normal or accidental release of nominal quantities of liquid or vapor from LP-Gas systems installed and operated in accordance with this code.

6.25.1.2*

The installation of lightning protection equipment shall not be required on LP-Gas storage containers

6.25.1.3*

Grounding and bonding shall not be required on LP-Gas systems

6.25.2.1

Electrical equipment and wiring installed in unclassified areas shall be in accordance with NFPA 70

6.25.2.3*

The provisions of 6.25.2.2 shall apply to vehicular fuel operations.

6.25.2.4

The provisions of 6.25.2.2 shall not apply to fixed electrical equipment at residential or commercial installations of LP-Gas systems or to systems covered by Section 6.26

6.25.2.5

Fired vaporizers , calorimeters with open flames, and other areas where open flames are present either intermittently or constantly shall not be considered electrically classified areas.

6.25.3.3

Open flames, cutting or welding tools, portable electric tools, and extension lights capable of igniting LP-Gas shall not be installed or used within classified areas specified in Table 6.25.2.2

6.25.3.4

Open flames or other sources of ignition shall not be prohibited where containers , piping, and other equipment containing LP-Gas have been purged of all liquid and vapor LP-Gas.

6.26.1* Application

1. Nonengine fuel systems on all vehicles
2. Installations served by exchangeable (removable) cylinder systems and by permanently mounted containers

Section 6.26 shall apply to the following:

6.26.2 Nonapplication

1. Systems installed on mobile homes
2. Systems installed on recreational vehicles
3. Cargo tank vehicles, including trailers and semitrailers, and similar units used to transport LP-Gas as cargo, which are covered by Chapter 9
4. LP-Gas engine fuel systems on the vehicles, which are covered by Chapter 11

Section 6.26 shall not apply to the following:

6.26.3.1

1. ASME mobile containers shall be in accordance with one of the following:
   1. A MAWP of 312 psig (2.2 MPag) or higher where installed in enclosed spaces of vehicles
   2. A MAWP of 312 psig (2.2 MPag) or higher where installed on passenger vehicles
   3. A MAWP of 250 psig (1.7 MPag) or higher for containers where installed on the exterior of nonpassenger vehicles
2. LP-Gas fuel containers used on passenger-carrying vehicles shall not exceed 200 gal (0.8 m3) aggregate water capacity.
3. The capacity of individual LP-Gas containers on highway nonpassenger vehicles shall be gal (3.8 m3) or in accordance with U.S. Department of Transportation regulations.
4. The capacity of cargo tank motor vehicles shall not be limited by this code.
5. Containers designed for stationary service only and not in compliance with the container appurtenance protection requirements of 5.2.6 shall not be used.

Containers shall comply with 6.26.3.1(A) through 6.26.3.1(E).

6.26.3.3

The LP-Gas supply system, including the containers , shall be installed either on the outside of the vehicle or in a recess or cabinet vaportight to the inside of the vehicle but accessible from and vented to the outside, with the vents located near the top and bottom of the enclosure and 3 ft (1 m) horizontally away from any opening into the vehicle below the level of the vents.

6.26.3.4

1. Containers shall be installed with road clearance in accordance with 11.8.3.
2. Fuel containers shall be mounted to prevent jarring loose and slipping or rotating, and the fastenings shall be designed and constructed to withstand, without permanent visible deformation, static loading in any direction equal to four times the weight of the container filled with fuel.
3. Where containers are mounted within a vehicle housing, the securing of the housing to the vehicle shall comply with this provision. Any removable portions of the housing or cabinet shall be secured while in transit.
4. Field welding on containers shall be limited to attachments to nonpressure parts such as saddle plates, wear plates, or brackets applied by the container manufacturer.
5. All container valves, appurtenances, and connections shall be protected to prevent damage from accidental contact with stationary objects; from loose objects, stones, mud, or ice thrown up from the ground or floor; and from damage due to overturn or similar vehicular accident.
6. Permanently mounted ASME containers shall be located on the vehicle to provide the protection specified in 6.26.3.4(E).
7. Cylinders shall have permanent protection for cylinder valves and connections.
8. Where cylinders are located on the outside of a vehicle, weather protection shall be provided.
9. Containers mounted on the interior of passenger-carrying vehicles shall be installed in compliance with Section 11.9. Pressure relief valve installations for such containers shall comply with 11.8.5.

Containers shall be mounted securely on the vehicle or within the enclosing recess or cabinet.

6.26.3.5

1. Cylinder valves shall be closed when burners are not in use.
2. Cylinders shall not be refilled while burners are in use as provided in 7.2.3.2(B).

Cylinders installed on portable tar kettles alongside the kettle, on the vehicle frame, or on road surface heating equipment shall be protected from radiant or convected heat from open flame or other burners by the use of a heat shield or by the location of the cylinder (s) on the vehicle. In addition, the following shall apply:

6.26.4.2

1. Regulators shall be installed with the pressure relief vent opening pointing vertically downward to allow for drainage of moisture collected on the diaphragm of the regulator.
2. Regulators not installed in compartments shall be equipped with a durable cover designed to protect the regulator vent opening from sleet, snow, freezing rain, ice, mud, and wheel spray.
3. If vehicle-mounted regulators are installed at or below the floor level, they shall be installed in a compartment that provides protection against the weather and wheel spray.
4. Regulator compartments shall comply with the following:
   1. The compartment shall be of sufficient size to allow tool operation for connection to and replacement of the regulator(s).
   2. The compartment shall be vaportight to the interior of the vehicle.
   3. The compartment shall have a 1 in.2 (650 mm2) minimum vent opening to the exterior located within 1 in. (25 mm) of the bottom of the compartment.
   4. The compartment shall not contain flame or spark-producing equipment.
5. A regulator vent outlet shall be at least 2 in. (51 mm) above the compartment vent opening.

Regulators shall be installed in accordance with 6.10.2 and 6.26.4.2(A) through 6.26.4.2(E).

6.26.5.1

1. Steel tubing shall have a minimum wall thickness of 0.049 in. (1.2 mm).
2. A flexible connector shall be installed between the regulator outlet and the fixed piping system to protect against expansion, contraction, jarring, and vibration strains.
3. Flexibility shall be provided in the piping between a cylinder and the gas piping system or regulator.
4. Flexible connectors shall be installed in accordance with 6.11.6.
5. Flexible connectors longer than the length allowed in the code, or fuel lines that incorporate hose, shall be used only where approved.
6. The fixed piping system shall be designed, installed, supported, and secured to minimize the possibility of damage due to vibration, strains, or wear and to preclude any loosening while in transit.
7. Piping shall be installed in a protected location.

8. Where piping is installed outside the vehicle, it shall be installed as follows:

   1. Piping shall be under the vehicle and below any insulation or false bottom.
   2. Fastening or other protection shall be installed to prevent damage due to vibration or abrasion.
   3. At each point where piping passes through sheet metal or a structural member, a rubber grommet or equivalent protection shall be installed to prevent chafing.
9. Gas piping shall be installed to enter the vehicle through the floor directly beneath or adjacent to the appliance served.
10. If a branch line is installed, the tee connection shall be located in the main gas line under the floor and outside the vehicle.
11. Exposed parts of the fixed piping system either shall be of corrosion-resistant material or shall be coated or protected to minimize exterior corrosion.
12. Hydrostatic relief valves shall be installed in isolated sections of liquid piping as provided in Section 6.15.
13. Piping systems, including hose, shall be proven free of leaks in accordance with Section 6.16.

Piping shall be installed in accordance with 6.11.3 and 6.26.5.1(A) through 6.26.5.1 (M).

6.26.5.2

There shall be no fuel connection between a tractor and trailer or other vehicle units.

6.26.6.1

Installation shall be made in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and, in the case of approved equipment, as provided in the approval.

6.26.6.2

Equipment installed on vehicles shall be protected against vehicular damage as provided for container appurtenances and connections in 6.26.3.4 (E).

6.26.7.1

Sub section 6.26.7 shall apply to the installation of all appliances on vehicles. It shall not apply to engines.

6.26.7.2

All appliances covered by 6.26.7 installed on vehicles shall be approved

6.26.7.3

Where the device or appliance, such as a cargo heater or cooler, is designed to be in operation while the vehicle is in transit, means, such as an excess-flow valve , to stop the flow of gas in the event of a line break shall be installed.

6.26.7.4

Gas-fired heating appliances shall be equipped with shutoffs in accordance with 5.23.7 (A), except for portable heaters used with cylinders having a maximum water capacity of 2.7 lb (1.2 kg), portable torches, melting pots, and tar kettles.

6.26.7.5

Gas-fired heating appliances, other than ranges and illuminating appliances installed on vehicles intended for human occupancy, shall be designed or installed to provide for a complete separation of the combustion system from the atmosphere inside the vehicle.

6.26.7.6*

Where unvented-type heaters that are designed to protect cargo are used on vehicles not intended for human occupancy, provisions shall be made to provide air from the outside for combustion and dispose of the products of combustion to the outside.

6.26.7.7

Appliances installed in the cargo space of a vehicle shall be readily accessible whether the vehicle is loaded or empty.

6.26.7.8

Appliances shall be constructed or otherwise protected to minimize possible damage or impaired operation due to cargo shifting or handling.

6.26.7.9

Appliances shall be located so that a fire at any appliance will not block egress of persons from the vehicle.

6.26.7.10

A permanent caution plate shall be affixed to either the appliance or the vehicle outside of any enclosure.

6.26.7.10.1

The caution plate shall be adjacent to the container (s).

6.26.7.10.2

CAUTION:

1. Be sure all appliance valves are closed before opening container valve.
2. Connections at the appliances, regulators, and containers shall be checked periodically for leaks with soapy water or its equivalent.
3. Never use a match or flame to check for leaks.
4. Container valves shall be closed when equipment is not in use.

The caution plate shall include the following text:

6.26.7.11

Gas-fired heating appliances and water heaters shall be equipped with automatic devices designed to shut off the flow of gas to the main burner and the pilot in the event the pilot flame is extinguished.

6.26.8.1

Where vehicles with LP-Gas fuel systems used for purposes other than propulsion are parked, serviced, or repaired inside buildings, the requirements of 6.26.8.2 through 6.26.8.4 shall apply.

6.26.8.2

The fuel system shall be leak-free, and the container (s) shall not be filled beyond the limits specified in Chapter 7

6.26.8.3

The container shutoff valve shall be closed, except that the container shutoff valve shall not be required to be closed when fuel is required for test or repair.

6.26.8.4

The vehicle shall not be parked near sources of heat, open flames, or similar sources of ignition , or near unventilated pits.

6.26.8.5

3) shall comply with the requirements of

Vehicles having containers with water capacities larger than 300 gal (1.1 m) shall comply with the requirements of Section 9.7

6.27.3.3

No more than 50 percent of the perimeter of an area where a dispenser or dispensing system is located shall be enclosed.

6.27.3.4

A weather shelter or canopy shall be permitted to cover the working space for the filling operation.

6.27.3.5

Control for the pump used to transfer LP-Gas through the unit into containers shall be provided at the device in order to minimize the possibility of leakage or accidental discharge.

6.27.3.6*

A device that shuts off the flow of gas when flow exceeds the predetermined flow rate shall be installed as close as practical to the point where the dispenser hose connects to the liquid piping.

6.27.3.7

Piping and the dispensing hose shall be provided with hydrostatic relief valves in accordance with Section 6.15

6.27.3.8

Protection against trespassing and tampering shall be in accordance with 6.21.4

6.27.3.10

An identified and accessible remote emergency shutoff device for either the internal valve or the emergency shutoff valve required by 6.27.3.9 (1) or 6.27.3.9 (2) shall be installed not less than 3 ft (1 m) or more than 100 ft (30 m) from the liquid transfer point.

6.27.3.12

A manual shutoff valve and an excess-flow check valve shall be located in the liquid line between the pump and the dispenser inlet where the dispensing device is installed at a remote location and is not part of a complete storage and dispensing unit mounted on a common base.

6.27.3.13

All dispensers shall be installed on a concrete foundation or shall be part of a complete storage and dispensing unit mounted on a common base and installed in accordance with 6.8.3.1 (F).

6.27.3.14

Vehicular barrier protection (

1. Concrete filled guard posts shall be constructed of steel not less than 4 in. (100 mm) in diameter with the following characteristics:

   1. Spaced not more than 4 ft ( mm) between posts on center
   2. Set not less than 3 ft (900 mm) deep in a concrete footing of not less than 15 in. (380 mm) diameter
   3. Set with the top of the posts not less than 3 ft (900 mm) above ground
   4. Located not less than 3 ft (900 mm) from the protected installation
2. Equivalent protection in lieu of guard posts shall be a minimum of 3 ft (900 mm) in height and shall resist a force of lb (26,700 N) applied 3 ft (900 mm) above the adjacent ground surface.

VBP ) shall be provided for containers serving dispensers where those containers are located within 10 ft (3 m) of a vehicle thoroughfare or parking location in accordance with 6.27.3.14(A) or 6.27.3.14(B).

6.27.3.15

Where the dispenser is not mounted on a common base with its storage container and the dispenser is located within 10 ft (3 m) of a vehicle thoroughfare, parking location, or an engine fuel filling station, the dispenser shall be provided with VBP

6.27.3.16

Dispensers shall be protected from physical damage.

6.27.3.17

A listed quick-acting shutoff valve shall be installed at the discharge end of the transfer hose.

6.27.3.18

An identified and readily accessible switch or circuit breaker shall be installed outside at a location not less than 20 ft (6 m) or more than 100 ft (30 m) from the dispenser to shut off the power in the event of a fire, an accident, or other emergency.

6.27.3.19

The markings for the switches or breakers shall be visible at the point of liquid transfer.

6.27.4.1

1. Hose length shall not exceed 18 ft (5.5 m) unless approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
2. All hose shall be listed.
3. When not in use, the hose shall be secured to protect the hose from damage.

Hose shall comply with the following:

6.27.4.2

A listed emergency breakaway device shall be installed and shall comply with UL 567, Standard for Emergency Breakaway Fittings, Swivel Connectors, and Pipe-Connection Fittings for Petroleum Products and LP-Gas, and be designed to retain liquid on both sides of the breakaway point, or other devices affording equivalent protection approved by the authority having jurisdiction

6.27.4.3

1. Conventional systems shall be at least 10 ft (3.0 m) from any dispensing device for Class I or Class II liquids.
2. Low-emission transfer systems in accordance with 6.30.5 shall be at least 5 ft (2 m) from any dispensing device for Class I or Class II liquids.

Vehicle fuel dispensers shall be located as follows:

6.28.3

Where containers for stationary engines have a fill valve with an integral manual shutoff valve , the minimum separation distances required for fill valves shall be one-half of the distances specified in Section 6.4

6.28.4

1. Building area is less than ft2 (140 m2)
2. Container has a fill valve with an integral manual shutoff valve
3. Facility is located more than 50 ft (15 m) from other buildings not used for telecommunications

Where aboveground containers for stationary engines are located outdoors at telecommunications facilities of noncombustible construction, the minimum separation distances shall be half the distances specified in Section 6.4 when the following conditions are met:

6.29.2.1

The planning for the response to incidents including the inadvertent release of LP-Gas, fire, or security breach shall be coordinated with local emergency response agencies.

6.29.2.2

Planning shall include consideration of the safety of emergency personnel, workers, and the public.

6.29.3.2

3), and for

The modes of fire protection shall be specified in a written fire safety analysis for new installations, for existing installations that have an aggregate water capacity of more than gal (15.2 m), and for ASME containers on roofs. Existing installation shall comply with this requirement within 2 years of the effective date of this code.

6.29.3.3

The fire safety analysis shall be submitted by the owner, operator, or their designee to the authority having jurisdiction and local emergency responders.

6.29.3.4

The fire safety analysis shall be updated when the storage capacity or transfer system is modified.

6.29.3.5

The fire safety analysis shall be an evaluation of the total product control system, such as the emergency shutoff and internal valves equipped for remote closure and automatic shutoff using thermal (fire) actuation, pullaway protection where installed, and the optional requirements of Section 6.30

6.29.3.6

If in the preparation for the fire safety analysis it is determined that a hazard to adjacent structures exists that exceeds the protection provided by the provisions of this code, special protection shall be provided in accordance with 6.29.5

6.29.4.1

Roadways or other means of access for emergency equipment, such as fire department apparatus, shall be provided.

6.29.4.2

Each industrial plant bulk plant , and distributing point shall be provided with at least one portable fire extinguisher in accordance with Section 4.7 having a minimum capacity of 18 lb (8.2 kg) of dry chemical.

6.29.4.3

Emergency controls shall be conspicuously marked, and the controls shall be located so as to be readily accessible in emergencies.

6.29.5.1*

If insulation is used, it shall be capable of limiting the container temperature to not over 800°F (430°C) for a minimum of 50 minutes as determined by test, with insulation applied to a steel plate and subjected to a test flame applied substantially over the area of the test plate.

6.29.5.2

The insulation system shall be inherently resistant to weathering and the action of hose streams.

6.29.5.3

If mounding is utilized, the provisions of 6.8.6.3 shall be required.

6.29.5.4

If burial is utilized, the provisions of 6.8.6.1 shall be required.

6.29.6.1

If water spray fixed systems and monitors are used, they shall comply with NFPA 15.

6.29.6.2

Where water spray fixed systems and monitors are used, they shall be automatically actuated by fire-responsive devices and shall also have a capability for manual actuation.

6.29.6.3

Where monitor nozzles are used, they shall be located and arranged so that all container surfaces that can be exposed to fire are wetted.

6.30.2.1

3 through 114 m3)

Where all the provisions of Section 6.30 are complied with, the minimum distances from important buildings and the line of adjoining property that can be built upon to underground and mounded ASME containers of gal through 30,000 gal (7.6 mthrough 114 m water capacity shall be reduced to 10 ft (3 m).

6.30.2.2

Distances for all underground and mounded ASME containers shall be measured from the container surface.

6.30.2.3

No part of an underground or mounded ASME container shall be less than 10 ft (3 m) from a building or line of adjoining property that can be built upon.

6.30.3.1

1/4 in. (32 mm) or larger shall be equipped with an

All liquid withdrawal openings and all vapor withdrawal openings that are 1in. (32 mm) or larger shall be equipped with an internal valve

6.30.3.2

The internal valves shall remain closed except during periods of operation.

6.30.3.3

Internal valves shall be equipped for remote closure and automatic shutoff through thermal (fire) actuation.

6.30.3.4

A positive manual shutoff valve shall be installed as close as practical to each internal valve

6.30.3.5

All liquid and vapor inlet openings shall be equipped in accordance with 6.30.3.1 through 6.30.3.4 or shall be equipped with a backflow check valve that is designed for the intended application and a positive manual shutoff valve installed as close as practical to the backflow check valve

6.30.4.3

1. A remote shutdown station shall be installed within 15 ft (4.6 m) of the point of transfer.
2. At least one additional remote shutdown station shall be installed not less than 25 ft (7.6 m), or more than 100 ft (30 m), from the transfer point.
3. Emergency remote shutdown stations shall be identified as such by a sign incorporating the words "Propane" and "Emergency Shutoff" in block letters not less than 2 in. (51 mm) in height on a background of contrasting color to the letters.
4. The sign shall be visible from the point of transfer.

Remote shutdown capability, including power supply for the transfer equipment and all primary valves (internal and emergency shutoff), shall be provided.

6.30.5.1

Where the installation meets all the provisions of 6.30.5, the minimum separation distances shall comply with 6.7.3.4

6.30.5.2

The transfer site shall be identified as " Low-Emission Transfer Site" by having a sign or other marking posted in the area.

6.30.5.5

1. Transfer shall be made only through a hose of nominal 1 in. (25 mm) size or smaller.
2. The delivery valve and nozzle combination shall not contain an interstitial volume greater than 0.24 in.3 ( mm3).
3. Cylinders shall be filled according to weight on a certified scale.
4. Fixed maximum liquid level gauges shall not be used in the filling of cylinders.
5. An overfilling prevention device shall not be used to determine when a cylinder is filled to the maximum allowable filling limit.
6. The cylinder shall have a propane capacity of 100 lb (45.4 kg) or less.

Transfer into a portable DOT cylinder shall meet the provisions of 6.30.5.5(A) through 6.30.5.5(F).

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