Smart streetlights? 5 things you need to know. - inteliLIGHT®

Smart streetlights? 5 things you need to know.

Smart streetlights? 5 things you need to know.

Streetlights are a core element of any public lighting system. Nowadays, modern lamps can accommodate smart controllers for remote street lighting management. However, did you know that even older lighting infrastructures can receive a smart layer?

This article will answer 5 of the most important and relevant questions about smart street lamps, to help you make an informed decision when choosing a street lighting system for your project.

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1. How did smart street lamps come to be?

Early lamps were used by Greek and Roman civilizations, where light primarily served the purpose of security. From candle lamps which required that a lamplighter tour the town at dusk, lighting each of the lamps, to oil and gas lamp lighting, to incandescent lights and finally to high-intensity discharge and LED lamps, public lighting has seen a continuous evolution and functionality improvement. Shifting from gas or petrol to electricity represented a remarkable and much needed change for everyday life.

Meanwhile, the Internet has become omnipresent, advanced from PC to mobile connections and has since adapted to almost any type of device. Broadband turned into narrowband, making it possible to send smaller messages without wasting energy and resources. This evolution made the Internet of Things possible, where devices of any type and size can be connected and can communicate with each other.

In this context of technological advancements, public lighting followed suit. LED lamps are not just isolated elements for lighting fixtures anymore, but part of more complex smart lighting infrastructures. Smart streetlight controllers enable individual lamp control, while communication and IoT technologies link devices and street lighting management software together. Therefore, lighting fixtures receive smart features and are now part of the connected lighting revolution, paving the way to smart cities.

2. What are the functionalities and benefits of smart streetlights?

Compared to traditional lamps (which can only be turned on and off in groups), smart streetlights can be individually handled.

How is this possible?

By installing smart controllers on each individual lamp (segment control also exists, but is not the focus of this article). Streetlight controllers can be installed inside the lamp by the producer or mounted on the lamp by an integrator. Their capabilities go beyond the remote on/off function, bringing smart features like autonomous operation, smart scheduling, dimming, parameter measurements or failure notifications at the fingertips of municipalities.

The most important benefit of individually controlled smart lamps is the access to information. With real-time data analysis, grid awareness empowers you to make informed, effective decisions. Other benefits include:

• energy saving

• reduced maintenance costs

• increased community satisfaction

3. What is a smart streetlamp’s structure?

A smart street lamp consists of:

1. Light source – the outstanding benefits of LEDs (extended lifetime and reduced power consumption) have favoured LED lamps in street lighting investments in the last few years, to the point where the older HID lamps are now rarely seen in street lighting upgrade projects worldwide.
2. Lamp socket (optional, available mostly for HID lamps) – supports electrical connections and allows the lamp to be safely and conveniently replaced
3. Ballast or driver  – reduces the voltage and regulates the electric current to produce a steady light output. To support full-featured smart controllers, you will need an electronic ballast with dimming support (which is the case for most drivers nowadays anyway)

Here comes the twist – what makes a street lamp smart:

4. Smart streetlight controller – enables individual lamp control, on/off/dimming functions, autonomous operation, smart scheduling, remote control, parameter measurements, malfunction notifications etc.

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4. How can controllers be installed on smart lamps?

There are a few ways in which luminaire controllers can be connected to smart streetlights. First, it is important to know that you can decide to invest in new lamps or you can find a solution that is compatible with the fixtures you already have installed. Secondly, you need to differentiate among the various socket types and mounting options that are available.

Wire connections can be used to attach smart streetlamp controllers

This is the most flexible approach, as controllers can be mounted anywhere on the lamp or street lighting pole, being wire-connected to the lamp’s power supply.  It is mostly used for retrofitting, as you can use the existing infrastructure to connect smart controllers, making it very fast and cost efficient to deploy: because you are updating the existing streetlights, there are no lamp investments and almost no public works needed.

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Be careful, you might only be able to connect the controller to the pole, not to the lamp. Also, older lamps might not have DALI interfaces available. This means that the dimming option could no longer be available because, for dimming commands to be received, the communication needs to happen directly with the ballast. Not to worry, the other smart features will remain intact.

If you want to make sure that the controller can be connected to the lamp and that it supports dimming, you should check that:

• the lamp has an electronic ballast compatible with interfaces such as 0-10, DALI or DALI2 (dedicated protocols for digital lighting control)
• the lamp itself supports dimming
• the controller has dimming capabilities

Street lighting standardised plug-and-play connectors

As smart control is an important issue for all stakeholders in the outdoor lighting industry, there have been significant investments and initiatives in standardizing lamp connectors. The main reason is to facilitate smooth lamp upgrade and fast lighting controller installation. For instance, standardised connectors like NEMA or Zhaga come with plug&play mounting options that turn controller installation in a few-seconds job, keeping deployment costs at a minimum.

Using standardised connectors means that controllers can be installed on any lamp, as long as the controller is compatible with the lamp socket. Using streetlights with such connectors brings you all the advantages of smart lighting control and facilitates any future upgrades.

Smart street lamps with embedded controllers

If you need to install smart street lamps while keeping lamps’ architectural value (historical areas, for example), then embedded controllers might be the right choice for you. Sometimes having a NEMA or Zhaga controller mounted on the lamp is simply not an option, but you still need the benefits of a smart, fully integrated lighting system.

Embedded controllers are built to be particularly small, in order to fit inside the luminaire itself. This way, you favour aesthetics and also keep the advantage of creating a smart and integrated street lighting grid. If you are a smart lighting integrator or lighting service provider, you probably have the engineering capabilities to try to integrate the two devices yourself, but embedded controllers are mostly mounted inside the lamp directly from the production line.

Some lamp producers have developed their own control solution (some even preferring closed, proprietary control solutions), while others prefer to integrate third-party systems with their products. If you plan for flexibility and want to avoid being supplier-locked, the important difference is not the control system provider, but rather the solution’s interoperability. Only open control systems (open standard communications, API connection availability or TALQ/TALQ2 compatibility) will provide freedom of supplier choice for future smart lighting or smar city developments.

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5. How do smart lamps communicate?

Communication is an essential element in any smart public lighting installation, acting as a binder among devices and software. The right communication technology can make the difference between a fully functional deployment and a syncopated one. Even though the lamp itself does not have an influence on the communication technology, the controller and the control solution provider have to be compatible with the communication technology you decide to use for your smart street lighting project.

A closed system, for instance, will be compatible only with the provider’s patented communication technology, which will require an investment continuity over time with the same producer. Choosing open protocol communications, on the other hand, will be compatible with third-party solutions and will give you more options for future investments.

When it comes to communication, you should also consider whether a public or private network best suits your project’s needs.

Public networks (e.g. NB-IoT, LTE-M, GSM) are installed and maintained by telecom operators who make sure that the network is secured and functional at all times (carrier grade security and functionality). Even though the user usually needs to pay for a monthly or yearly subscription, public networks rarely require installation fees.

Private networks (e.g. LoRaWAN, Wi-SUN etc.) are operated directly by the municipality or the street lighting provider (nobody has access to street lighting data). While installation costs are higher and users have to ensure the network maintenance and security themselves, private networks eliminate the cost of having to pay for a subscription and can be used for other smart city applications.

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Bonus questions:

Can any outdoor streetlight be connected to a controller?

• Yes, there is a controller for any type of streetlight, be it HID, LED, part of an older infrastructure or modern, as long as the controller has an electronic control gear.

Can all lamps support the dimming control feature?

• Yes, provided that the driver is compatible with an interface such as 0-10V, DALI or DALI2.

Can I control the lamps in real time?

• It depends on the communication system. Cellular networks (NB-IoT, LTE-M etc.) are great candidates for constant, instantaneous communication. They allow nodes to communicate with the gateway in real-time, which makes it possible to execute commands like turning the lights on and off instantly.

How do solar-powered street lamps work?

• Solar-powered lamps have been around for quite a while now. A solar street lamp must overcome the fact that energy is produced during the day, but consumed during the night, and there are two ways to deal with this issue:

1. With energy storage: the energy produced by the solar panels during the day is stored in a battery system, installed in each lamp or in every few lamps and used during the night to power the streetlight. As battery units are quite expensive, temperature-sensitive and unreliable, this solution is mostly used in remote areas, with limited access to the power grid
2. Without energy storage: the energy produced by the solar panels during the day is delivered into the power grid and compensates for the energy that the lamp consumes at night. This version is preferred, as it does not require energy storage, nor solar panels for each lamp – which makes it more practical and affordable.

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Street lighting has come a long way, and if you've noticed your neighborhood glowing a little differently at night, you're likely seeing the work of LED street lights. Composed of efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDs), these modern street lights really hit the mark when it comes to lighting up roads, sidewalks, and parking areas. So, why are communities making the switch? For starters, LED streetlights tend to last far longer. They're not filled with harmful chemicals like mercury. And they're champions at saving energy. This makes them a perfect fit for places where changing out lamps frequently is inconvenient and expensive.Let's walk you through everything you need to know about LED street lights and why they're the go-to choice for those in the know about urban planning. Along with helping us see better at night, these lights are paving the way for a brighter, more eco-friendly future.

Advantages of LED Street Lights Over Traditional Lighting

LED street lights are gaining attention for good reason. One of their primary advantages lies in their remarkable lifespan and robustness. Unlike traditional lighting, which can burn out quickly due to fragile filaments, LEDs are designed to last, offering consistent performance over years of use. This longevity translates to reduced maintenance efforts and costs, which is an important consideration for large-scale installations.Furthermore, LED street lights provide superior color rendering, improving visibility and safety. They more closely mimic natural daylight, which helps pedestrians and drivers identify objects and navigate their surroundings with greater ease. Environmental benefits are another central selling point. LEDs don't contain harmful chemicals like mercury, making them a much safer choice for both installation teams and the environment. Plus, they're champions of energy efficiency, cutting down energy use by up to 70% compared to traditional lights. This reduction supports sustainability goals and leads to major cost savings in energy bills.When you add it all up, the switch to LED isn't just a trend — it's a smart move toward more efficient, effective, and environmentally responsible lighting solutions.

Types of Energy-Efficient Street Lights

There are a few types of energy-efficient street lights, each suited to different applications and settings. Understanding these variations helps in selecting the right light for each unique environment.Commercial Street LightingThe most familiar category, standard street lights, are mounted on tall poles along roadsides or in medians. They help to ensure safety for both motorists and pedestrians by providing consistent illumination at intersections and crossing points.High Mast LightsFor larger areas that need expansive light coverage – think stadiums, ports, and large parking lots – high mast lights are the go-to choice. These fixtures are installed at heights between 40 and 150 feet and hold multiple light sources. This makes them ideal for areas that need broad, consistent brightness.General Flood LightsIf versatility is your priority, consider general flood lights. These high-powered, versatile luminaires provide plenty of light for outdoor spaces. Thanks to LED technology, they reduce electricity use yet deliver potent illumination, which makes them a popular choice for large-scale applications.

Replacing HID Lamps With LED Lighting

High-intensity discharge (HID) lamps have been the staple of street and large-area lighting for many years. Thanks to modern technology, LEDs have taken over the lead. The benefits of LEDs over HIDs are clear, making the transition an attractive option for municipalities and facility managers.One of the biggest advantages of LED lighting is its energy efficiency. LEDs are up to 60% more energy-efficient than HID lamps, which means lower energy costs over time. It's a compelling consideration for budgeting in the public and private sectors.LEDs also require less maintenance. Unlike HID lamps, which utilize gas and are prone to frequent replacements, LEDs use electricity, ensuring a more stable and long-lasting performance. Their robust construction results in fewer emissions and a longer lifespan, reducing waste and environmental impact.Another reason to switch is the superior color rendering of LEDs. With a high color rendering index (CRI), LED lights produce more natural light, helping drivers and pedestrians identify objects more easily at night. This enhances safety and improves the overall aesthetic and functionality of urban spaces.

Choosing the Right Wattage and Specifications

When selecting LED street lights, you need to consider the following to ensure optimal performance and efficiency that suits your needs:WattageLED streetlights use a lower wattage. For example, you can replace a 100W high-pressure sodium lamp with a 36W LED lamp. It's essential to match the wattage appropriately to the height of the pole and coverage area. Generally, lower wattages, like 10W, are suitable for shorter poles, while higher wattages, such as 100W or 120W, are needed for taller installations above 10 meters.LED DriverThe LED driver converts AC to DC, powering the lights consistently over their lifespan. An effective LED driver ensures the light will last ten to twenty years or more. Consider the functions you need, such as output lumen compensation or timing dimming, to maximize efficiency and flexibility.LED ChipsThe quality of LED chips affects the light's stability and brightness. Popular chip models like the and offer high cost-performance and energy management capabilities, respectively. Choosing the right LED chip impacts both initial performance and long-term reliability of the light.Lens/Optics and Color TemperatureOptics ensure uniform light distribution. Customizing these optics addresses specific roadways or architectural needs. Additionally, correlated color temperature (CCT) impacts the hue of the light emitted — be it cool, neutral, or warm. Matching the CCT with the intended use case can enhance the visual experience and safety.Color Rendering Index (CRI)CRI reflects how accurately a light source displays colors compared to natural light. Although 100 is ideal, a CRI of around 70 is generally sufficient for street lighting, offering improved visibility without excessive energy consumption.

Installation Considerations for LED Street Lights

Proper installation of LED street lights ensures optimal performance and provides the desired illumination across the intended areas. Here's a step-by-step guide to help you navigate the installation process:

The Rise of Solar-Powered Street Lights

In the pursuit of sustainable, self-sufficient energy solutions, solar-powered street lights have become a viable alternative for outdoor lighting. They harness solar energy during the day and convert it into electrical power, offering an eco-friendly alternative that aligns well with modern sustainability goals.How Solar Street Lights WorkSolar streetlights consist of photovoltaic panels that collect sunlight and charge batteries throughout the day. At dusk, these lights automatically switch on, using the stored solar energy to illuminate streets, pathways, and parking areas. This off-grid solution reduces reliance on electrical grids, offering energy independence and reducing electricity bills.AdvantagesBy leveraging renewable solar energy, these lights reduce carbon emissions, supporting broader environmental initiatives and green certifications for municipalities and organizations. Other advantages include: 

• Cost Savings: While the initial investment may be higher compared to traditional lighting, solar-powered street lights incur lower operational costs since they eliminate electricity usage and associated expenses.
• Reduced Infrastructure Requirements: Solar-powered street lights don't require extensive electrical wiring, making them ideal for remote or underdeveloped areas.
• Reliability: Equipped with advanced battery storage, solar-powered street lights provide consistent lighting year-round, even on cloudy days.

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Rely on The Expert for the Best LED Street Lights

As you consider upgrading or installing new lighting systems, LED street lights from LED Light Expert stand out as a resourceful and sustainable option. These energy-efficient street lights provide a range of benefits, improving infrastructure performance, reducing environmental impact, and bringing significant operational improvements to your next project. Explore our LED lighting solutions to find the one that best suits your needs.

FAQs: LED Street Lights

Below, we've answered some common questions about LED street lights. Please contact us if you'd like additional information. What considerations should be made when selecting the wattage for commercial street lighting?When choosing wattage, consider the pole height, area size, desired brightness, and the number of lanes, if applicable. Higher wattages are needed for taller poles and larger areas to ensure adequate and even lighting.What are the main benefits of switching to LED street lights?LED street lights offer several benefits over traditional lighting, including greater energy efficiency, reduced maintenance costs, longer lifespan, and improved environmental friendliness. They provide better color rendering and are more robust, making them a sustainable and cost-effective choice for public and commercial lighting.How do solar-powered street lights work, and are they reliable?Solar-powered street lights use photovoltaic panels to capture sunlight and charge batteries during the day. This stored energy powers the lights at night. They are reliable, especially with modern battery technologies, and can provide consistent lighting even in less-than-optimal weather conditions.